Foreword vii

Preface ix

Symbols and Abbreviations xv

1介绍1

2 Basic Concepts of Metal Fatigue and Fracture in the Engineering Design Process3

2.1历史概述3

2.2金属疲劳，裂纹繁殖和服务与人生预测：简短介绍10

2.2.1材料疲劳的基本术语12欧洲杯足球竞彩

2.2.2 Fatigue-Life Prediction: Total-Life and Safe-Life Approach 15

2.2.3 Fatigue-Life Prediction: Damage-Tolerant Approach 19

2.2.4 Methods of Fatigue-Life Prediction at a Glance 24

2.3 Basic Concepts of Technical Fracture Mechanics 25

2.3.1 ThekConcept of LEFM 27

2.3.2裂纹尖端可塑性：塑料区尺寸的概念31

2.3.3裂纹尖端可塑性：jIntegral 34

3种裂纹传播的实验方法39

3.1机械测试39

3.1.1测试系统39

3.1.2样品几何43

3.1.3局部应变测量：ISDG技术46

3.2 Crack-Propagation Measurements 48

3.2.1潜在滴滴概念和断裂力学实验49

3.2.2In Situ观察裂纹长度54

3.3微结构分析和晶粒和相边界的定量表征56

3.3.1分析SEM：与研究裂缝表面的形态形成鲜明对比56

3.3.2反向散射电子和EBSD的SEM成像58

3.3.3 Evaluation of Kikuchi Patterns: Automated EBSD 62

3.3.4 Orientation Analysis Using TEM and X-Ray Diffraction 63

3.3.5晶体学取向关系的数学和图形描述65

3.3.6微结构表征TEM 70

3.3.7进一步表征材料中机械损伤机制的方法72欧洲杯足球竞彩

3.4 Reproducibility of Experimentally Studying the Mechanical Behavior of 欧洲杯足球竞彩Materials 74

4金属和合金的变形行为的物理冶金75

4.1弹性变形76

4.2 Plastic Deformation by Dislocation Motion 80

4.3单晶材料中的滑动平面激活90欧洲杯足球竞彩

4.4金属材料的循环变形的特殊特征94欧洲杯足球竞彩

5微裂纹的启动99

5.1裂纹启动：定义和意义99

5.1.1 Influence of Notches, Surface Treatment and Residual Stresses 100

5.2 Influence of Microstructual Factors on the Initiation of Fatigue Cracks 101

5.2.1表面的裂纹开始：一般备注101

5.2.2夹杂物和毛孔的裂纹启动102

5.2.3持续滑动带的裂纹启动104

5.3弹性各向异性107的裂纹开始

5.3.1 Definition and Significance of Elastic Anisotropy 107

5.3.2测定弹性常数和弹性各向异性109的估计

5.3.3弹性各向异性应力的FE计算以预测裂纹起始位点113

5.3.4弹性各向异性应力的分析计算116

5.4 Intercrystalline and Transcrystalline Crack Initiation 119

5.4.1影响晶层裂纹启动的影响参数119

5.4.2 Crack Initiation at Elevated Temperature and Environmental Effects 123

5.4.3经晶体裂纹启动126

5.5微型结构短裂纹和疲劳极限127

5.6不均匀材料的裂纹开始：细胞金属129欧洲杯足球竞彩

6裂纹传播：微观结构方面135

6.1微观结构短疲劳裂纹的特殊特征135

6.1.1 Definition of Short and Long Cracks 136

6.2经晶体裂纹传播139

6.2.1 Crystallographic Crack Propagation: Interactions with Grain Boundaries 139

6.2.2模式i裂纹传播由循环裂纹尖端钝化145

6.2.3晶粒尺寸，第二阶段和沉淀对微观结构短疲劳裂纹的传播行为的影响149

6.3 Significance of Crack-Closure Effects and Overloads 153

6.3.1疲劳裂缝传播期间裂纹闭合的一般思想153

6.3.2 Plasticity-Induced Crack Closure 156

6.3.3超载在塑性引起的裂纹闭合160中的影响

6.3.4 Roughness-Induced Crack Closure 161

6.3.5 Oxide- and Transformation-Induced Crack Closure 162

6.3.6δk*/k*最大阈值：裂缝闭合概念的替代方案163

6.3.7 Development of Crack Closure in the Short Crack Regime 164

6.4短疲劳裂纹：从模式II到模式I裂纹传播的过渡171

6.4.1开发裂纹纵横比一种/C173

6.4.2短裂纹合并179

6.5 Intercrystalline Crack Propagation at Elevated Temperatures: The Mechanism of Dynamic Embrittlement 181

6.5.1基于镍的超级合金中环境辅助晶层裂纹传播：可能的机制181

6.5.2动态互惠的机制作为通用现象：示例187

6.5.3氧诱导的晶裂裂纹繁殖：合金的动态含量718 192

6.5.4 Increasing the Resistance to Intercrystalline Crack Propagation by Dynamic Embrittlement: Grain-Boundary Engineering 197

7建模微观结构特征的裂纹传播会计207

7.1疲劳生命评估的一般策略207

7.2 Modeling of Short-Crack Propagation 211

7.2.1 Short-Crack Models: An Overview 211

7.2.2 Navarro和De Los Rios的模型218

7.3通过边界元素方法226的短裂纹传播的数值建模226

7.3.1基本建模概念226

7.3.2 Slip Transmission in Polycrystalline Microstructures 230

7.3.3合成多晶微观结构中微裂纹传播的模拟232

7.3.4 Transition from Mode II to Mode I Crack Propagation 236

7.3.5 Future Aspects of Applying the Boundary Element Method to Short-Fatigue-Crack Propagation 239

7.4 Modeling Dwell-Time Cracking: A Grain-Boundary Diffusion Approach 242

8 Concluding Remarks251

参考文献255

Subject Index 281

“……最全面的技术参考书之一，可以充分解决疲劳裂纹的启动……”（金属杂志在线, February 8, 2008)