加工核材料欧洲杯足球竞彩

Harper International的高级流程技术工程师Peter Witting博士谈到了Harper如何参与核材料的处理以及这所涉及的内容。欧洲杯足球竞彩

您能简要概述哈珀国际公司如何参与核材料部门吗？欧洲杯足球竞彩

Harper提供了一系列能源效率，维护，温度均匀性和安全控制的进步，同时还提供了可靠的燃料处理系统。在核燃料处理部门中，重要的应用包括：

• UO2颗粒，SWARF和粉末T的氧化至U3O8
• UO2的硝酸铀酰和氢氟化
• Sintering UO2 pellets for reactor fuel rods
• 废物修复

Harper为加压重水反应堆的[PHWR]和加压水反应堆[PWR]提供了二氧化铀（UO2）核燃料烧结炉。除烧结炉外，哈珀还产生氧化炉系统将UO2转换为U3O8。哈珀（Harper）在其他两个核过程中进行的是将UO3转换为UO2的还原炉，并用H2和HF将UO2氢氟化以产生UF4。

What are the main thermal processing solutions that Harper International provides?

Harper为核燃料烧结过程提供了推动器系统。这些烧结炉提供了所需的高温能力以及氢气和露点控制。Harper烧结炉高度可靠，具有巨大的寿命。有超过25年的哈珀核烧结炉已经运行了25年。这些烧结炉系统通常是用高氧化氧化物的难治性加热的钼元件。

旋转系统用于Harper工作的几种核燃料应用中。旋转系统用于核燃料生产线中实施的氧化，还原和氢氟化过程。这些旋转需要紧密的气氛密封，以包含潜在的易燃气氛以及灰尘遏制措施。

Many of these systems Harper provides are fully integrated for different process steps. These may include a cascading rotary system where each rotary delivers a different process step. The integrated cascading rotaries deliver an effective tool for producing nuclear fuel.

Harper还提供了独特的系统，包括机械流化的床炉系统。这些高度设计的系统提供了独特的处理能力，可满足特定的核燃料应用。

哈珀参与核材料处理了多长时间？欧洲杯足球竞彩随着时间的流逝，这种参与如何演变？

约翰·哈珀（John Harper）和他的同事在1940年代发明了第一个处理核燃料的炉子。1957年，我们为通用电气生产了第一个核燃料烧结炉。哈珀（Harper）已成为全球领先的定制系统，用于反应和烧结核燃料。这些早期的系统是较小的烧结推炉。

随着过程的成熟，系统已经变得更高的容量，具有定制的功能来满足过程要求。最初，Harper提供的系统是针对特定过程要求的单数系统。这已经扩展到提供结合多个过程步骤的集成系统。哈珀还分支到了其他核加工领域，包括补救，还原和氢氟化以及其他过程。

Could you explain the process involved in sintering nuclear fuels?

Nuclear fuel sintering often is a two-step process. The first step involves removal of the binder. This debindering step typically is at a significantly lower temperature than the sintering step. The sintering step requires hydrogen atmosphere – often with dewpoint control, and process temperatures of 1600 to 1800°C.

这些烧结过程的典型应用是什么？

The typical fuels produced from Harper sintering furnace system include nuclear fuel for PWR, PHWR and CANDU reactors.

您能否详细解释您如何参与废物修复？

During nuclear fuel pellet production there are several operations which produce waste. These include the swarf from pellet centreless grinding operations to meet the high tolerances required for nuclear fuel and broken pellets from different steps in the operation. These swarf or waste products are oxidized in Harper oxidation system from UO2 to U3O8. This material is then re-introduced into the production of nuclear fuel.

Harper系统也已被用来将高度富集的核材料稀释成非富集的材料。U-235是裂变 - 可以维持裂变链反应。一些Harper系统已用于将高度富集的UO2转换为U3O8。这种富集的U3O8与天然U3O8材料混合在一起，以稀释U-235的浓度。然后将这种稀释材料重新处理成核燃料。

哈珀可以在能源效率方面提供什么？

Harper的设计实践为强大，高效的设计提供了。对于核燃料处理，可靠性至关重要。Harper提供节能系统，并具有良好的隔热软件包，可满足过程和炉子的要求。

Harper’s rotary system includes baffles and other features to reduce end tube radiation loss to improve the energy efficiency. Rotary systems often provide great energy efficient value since there is no carrier load which requires energy to heat and cool the boat or product tray.

Could you outline the Ignite™ Program in more detail?

通过这个项目，哈珀从研发的早期阶段为新兴行业提供了支持，目的是协助这些客户将下一代的物质创新转变为有利可图的新市场。

利用哈珀（Harper）的热处理中的深度和广度，我们通过与客户紧密合作来扩大过程操作来确保成功。

Could you outline a recent nuclear case study that Harper has recently been involved in?

Harper has recently been involved in a cascading rotary system where two different process steps are applied in an integrated series of rotaries. Each rotary require a different atmosphere and both require tight atmosphere controls and seal.

系统集成需要考虑大气分离和控制以及控制正在处理的核燃料材料的安全性。对于这项工作，包括P＆ID，氛围原理图，包括详细的工程设计之前完成了布局设计。这些基本的工程文件推动了该项目成功得出的结论。

What does the future hold for nuclear materials processing? How will Harper be a part of this?

The demand for electric power continues to increase placing a strain on the supply. This demand results in continued growth in the demand for nuclear power. Nuclear power is one of the cleanest energy sources and worldwide expansion is anticipated.

许多现有的植物都来进行翻新。哈珀（Harper）专注于这些翻新，以延长现有生产设备的寿命和安全性。2020欧洲杯下注官网这些工厂的不断变化通常需要升级和修改生产设施。计划重新处理许多武器级核材料。欧洲杯足球竞彩这些敏感的材料需要特别注意和要求欧洲杯足球竞彩。

Harper will continue to build upon its base technology in this field to meet the challenges of this growing market. We will devise turnkey solutions with our range of offerings including gas treatment and handling and fully integrated control systems.

关于彼得·威特

Peter Witting, Ph.D., Senior Process Technology Engineer at Harper International, received a Ph.D., M.S., and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University at Buffalo. Peter came to Harper in the year 2000, after working for five years at Naval Undersea Warfare Center.

Witting博士在目前的角色中负责监督流程和设备开发的技术方面，以支持生产高增值材料。2020欧洲杯下注官网欧洲杯足球竞彩Some of the materials include: tungsten carbide, molybdenum, cobalt, carbon nanotubes, high surface area carbon, boron nitride, silicon and other solar materials, etc. Dr. Witting’s work is published worldwide and he has three U.S patents, including a unique design for a High Temperature Reactor.