令人印象深刻的混合光子计数（HPC）检测器

Dectris产品管理负责人Stefan Brandstetter与Azom讨论了Pilatus3 X CDTE系列混合光子计数探测器及其为市场提供的好处。

Can you please give a brief overview of the PILATUS3 X CdTe series?

These Hybrid Photon Counting (HPC) detectors are based on the highly successful PILATUS3 X detectors, which were further developed to harness the high-energy detection capability of cadmium telluride (CdTe). As a result, we now offer the first large-area, single-photon counting detectors with high detection efficiencies at up to 100 keV. They make the proven advantages of the PILATUS3 detector technology available for hard X-ray applications without any compromise.

HPC检测器和CDTE传感器材料的组合有什么好处？

通过High-Z半导体CDTE的出色停止功率，我们达到了80％以上的量子效率，高达80 KEV。相比之下，基于硅的检测器在22 KEV左右迅速下降的效率为50％，以获得更高的能量。此外，Pilatus3 X检测器的读数时间为1 ms以下，高帧速率高达500 Hz，从而大大降低了测量时间并最大程度地提高效率和吞吐量。通过这种组合，现在可以在原位研究快速时间尺度上的动态过程。

What advantage will users have using the PILATUS3 X CdTe in hard X-ray applications?

与基于闪烁的CCD和FLATPANEL探测器不同，单光子计数CDTE探测器没有图像滞后，这可以在实验中最大程度地扫描速度，从而完全利用检测器的高帧速率。此外，借助尖锐的点传播函数和检测器的高动态范围，可以准确地解决和测量密切的信号，而与其强度无关。与20位计数器结合使用的无噪声单光子计数和直接转换允许以最佳的信噪比测量强峰旁边的弱信号。

RETRIGGER技术如何帮助您的客户？

PILATUS3 X CDTE检测器与计数速率超过5 x 106/s/S/像素兼容，该计数对应于几乎2×108计数/s/mm2。这些高计数率由所有Pilatus3检测器中的Dectris Instant Retrigger技术启用，并允许测量非常强的信号。结合高帧速率，在同步加速器辐射实验室中，具有良好计数统计的动态原位实验。

What count rate stability does the PILATUS3 X CdTe offer?

Dectris Instant Retrigger技术和彻底的产品开发导致CDTE的计数率稳定性突破，在2.5×10时少于1％的信号变化⁶光子/S/像素在几个小时内。

系统如何容易集成？

Integration is the same as for all PILATUS3 detector systems with no differences for the CdTe-based in comparison to the well-established silicon-based detectors, which run in hundreds of different devices and applications.

What is the main difference between the PILATUS3 X CdTe and other products on the market?

PILATUS3 X CdTe detectors are unique because of the size of their detector area, because of their unprecedented count-rate stability and because of their high operating speed. CdTe is a notoriously challenging sensor material and it took us seven years of intensive R&D to fully master it. Today our module quality is unrivalled in terms of number of defects, homogeneity of flat field and stability. The combination with the outstanding properties of the PILATUS3 results in a truly unique high-energy HPC detector. They are the first large-area, single-photon counting detectors offering highly efficient detection up to 100 keV. Time-resolved and scanning-beam experiments take advantage of frame rates of up to 500 Hz with sub-millisecond readout times, free of any image lag.

您最近是否特别感到自豪？

A dramatically increased signal-to-noise ratio was demonstrated during a comparison with a flatpanel detector. Marco Di Michiel from ESRF measured powder diffraction patterns at 46.3 keV. The diffraction rings in his powder measurement show a vastly increased level of detail recorded with the PILATUS3 X CdTe detector. The frame rates up to 500 Hz will enable dynamic bulk studies of these samples.

图。1：Flatpanel和Pilatus3 X CDTE检测器的数据质量的比较。光子计数CDTE检测器显示出明显较小的噪声，从而提高了弱衍射环的可见性。致谢：Marco Di Michiel在欧洲同步辐射设施（ESRF）的高能散射光束线ID15A。Image credit: Dectris Ltd.

How do you plan on the developing the PILATUS3 X CdTe further?

我们将继续开发我们的CDTE探测器系列，主要关注不同的尺寸和应用，包括用于实验室应用的特定系统（R系列）和特定于客户的解决方案。目前，我们很高兴完成了第一个大区域，单光子计数检测器的开发，该检测器将为高能量社区提供强大的新工具。ESRF将使用第一个大区域CDTE检测器系统，最近输送了PILATUS3 X CDTE 2M检测器。

我们的读者在哪里可以了解有关Pilatus3 X CDTE的更多信息？

可以在我们的网站上找到更多信息：www.dectris.com。

About Stefan Brandstetter

Stefan Brandstetter is responsible for the product management of high-performance detectors used in research and industrial applications at synchrotron beamlines. He aims to advance X-ray science by providing powerful and reliable detector systems.

Stefan obtained his Ph.D. in Materials Science in 2008 from the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, working at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland.

He joined DECTRIS in 2009 and led the Support and Comissioning department from 2012 on, building up an effective team. Since 2015 he is head of Product Management and responsible for synchrotron detectors.