Microstructural analysis plays a vital role in the formation of thermally-sprayed coatings. Laboratory personnel are able to examine the coating features in a confident and cost-effective manner, due to the advances made in consumable technology and equipment. Microstructural analysis has been crucial in the creation of new thermally-sprayed coatings for many high-tech and low-tech applications, including automotive, aerospace, bio-technology, electronic, petroleum and others. The coatings consist of a blend of materials with varying degrees of general microstructural properties and hardness. Accurate analysis of microstructure is essential to enable the creation of new and complex coatings that help in accurate microstructural analysis. The existing metallographic approaches are unable to generate accurate results in a consistent manner. The integrity and flatness of the coating structure can be maintained with a resin-bonded diamond surface that reduces the occurrence of damage when grinding various coating types.
微观结构检查是确定热喷涂涂层质量的典型方法。精确的评估取决于用于暴露微观结构的金属制剂。前金理制备is carried out, the sectioning and mounting approaches have to be analyzed[1]。Selection criteria for the sectioning and mounting method has been determined through testing performed by users of thermally sprayed coatings, as well as the Thermal Spray Society (TSS) Recommended Practices for Metallography committee[2]。Incorrect mounting of coatings can directly influence their properties, resulting in improper evaluation.
为了研究树脂键合钻石研磨盘（DGD）的性能，选择了13种涂层，涵盖了一系列品质，厚度和涂料特性（图1）。半自动设备用于同时准备涂料。2020欧洲杯下注官网使用DGD制定了制备程序，并进行了多次进行表面的一致性。在热洒涂层的金属制备过程中，完全和半自动设备以一致的2020欧洲杯下注官网方式产生高质量的结果[3]。
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图1。涂料过程和选择的材料。欧洲杯足球竞彩- 第一页上的第一张图像
Image Credit: Buehler
The study demonstrated that the DGD surfaces generate good consistent results with no damage to the coating, irrespective of the coatings being made of soft or hard metals, composites or ceramic. The metallographic process allows the observer to properly view the microstructure, free of artifacts, if good sectioning and mounting approaches are implemented.
Coating Materials
Metallographic Preparation
通过使用8英寸进行金相制备。（250毫米）直径ECOMET®半自动研磨机 - 派仪式with an AutoMet®power head, to provide consistent loads when the specimens are rotating at 60 rpm with or against to base platen rotation. Automation enables simultaneous and controlled preparation of several specimens,[4]并通过压板的精确控制以及时间，压力和头部速度来促进饰面的一致性。可以比较多年来的测试结果，包括包含含量或孔隙率。
The preparation sequences began with a 45 µm DGD to ensure sufficient removal of material, approx. 1 mm. Grinding was carried out by utilizing 9 µm and 6 µm DGD to remove any deformation caused by the earlier planar grinding. 3 µm diamond suspension on a TexMet®，无步骤，用于最后两个步骤。胶体二氧化硅（0.02 µm）悬浮液在聚氨酯泡沫布上，例如化学®用于最后一步。图2-14显示了最终抛光步骤后的图像结果。
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图2。Two Wire Arc Al-Bronze, 20x.
Image Credit: Buehler
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图3。两根电弧不锈钢，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图4。电弧喷雾尼古拉，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图5。Electric Arc Spray 420 Stainless Steel, 20x.
Image Credit: Buehler
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图6。Top) Plasma Spray Al2O3 Coating, 20x. Bottom) Plasma Spray Al2O3 Substrate, 20x.
Image Credit: Buehler
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图7。血浆喷雾铸铁，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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Figure 8.等离子体喷雾T 800，20x。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图9。顶部）血浆喷雾8％YTTRIA稳定的氧化锆涂层，20倍。底部）血浆喷雾8％YTTRIA稳定的氧化锆基板，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图10。等离子体喷雾Yttria稳定氧化锆1494，20x。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图11。Plasma Spray Chrome Carbide, 20x.
Image Credit: Buehler
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图12。HVOF铝13钛，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图13。HVOF WC-CO，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
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图14。HVOF CRC-NICR，20倍。
Image Credit: Buehler
结果与讨论
所得图像显示的平面表面没有划痕，低涂层缺陷和定义明确的底物涂层接口。当制备通过使用相同的参数和表面进行五次制备时，结果几乎相同。
结论
DGD始终在不同的热喷涂涂层上生成平坦的表面，并且可以在长时间内有效使用。初始数据显示Apex®DGD可以用来磨几百个标本，从而节省了通常利用碳化硅磨料的实验室的成本。与使用金属键入的钻石盘相比，将钻石嵌入树脂粘合剂中时，损坏较小。金属键合的钻石盘可拆除更高的材料，但会产生更深的表面损伤和易碎的涂层损坏。
This study demonstrates that Apex®DGDis a cost-effective process for metallographic preparation of thermally-sprayed coatings shown in this report and others with identical features, with no unacceptable damage caused to coatings.
参考
1. Blann，G.A。，“热固性和可铸造封装方法对陶瓷热喷涂涂料的金相制备的影响，”热喷雾杂志
Technology, 3 (1994) pp.263-269.
2。ASM International, Thermal Spray Society, TSS Accepted Practices for Metallography of Thermal Spray Coatings, Accepted Practices Document – NiCrAl/Bentonite Abradable coatings, Aug. 2007.Pp.4
3。Sauer, J.P., “Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings: Coating Sensitivity and the Effect of Polishing Intangibles”, Proceedings from the 9th National Thermal Spray Conference, October 1996, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA pp.777-783
4. Geary，A。，“热喷涂涂层的金属评估”，第24届年度大会技术会议：国际金属学会，1991年7月。欧洲杯足球竞彩
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