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对基于石墨烯的电极进行研究，在整个学术界和工业中均进行。研究人员一直在寻找提高基于石墨烯电极的效率和特性的新方法。
A team of Researchers from China have now developed a graphene/activated carbon electrode coated in manganese dioxide (MnO2) microspheres for use in flexible solid-state supercapacitors.
Developments into new graphene-based electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors has exponentially increased in recent years. From pure graphene electrodes, to graphene coated electrodes, coated graphene electrodes and composite graphene electrodes, the field has become significant.
活性炭是很长一段时间以来的第一个也是最广泛的电极，然后它不利地代替石墨，然后是石墨烯。无论使用哪种碳同素异形体，新的碳质电极一直都在出现，并且总是在实现小小的进步。
There is a large pressure from industry to produce new electrodes with high efficiencies and excellent (or novel) properties due to the demands of new and next-generation technologies.
The Researchers from China have now fabricated high capacitance urchin type MnO2微球上由石墨烯和活性碳组成的复合电极膜，用作超电磁材料。
The Researchers fabricated the electrode through a two-step binder-free self-assembly method using a facile vacuum filtration process.
Graphene oxide sheets were created using a modified Hummers’ method and the activated carbon was created using a series of wet chemical and carbonization techniques from waste fibreboard materials.
然后，使用超声方法将活化的碳颗粒分散在石墨烯欧洲杯猜球平台片中，以创建柔性膜，然后将MNO沉积2microspheres in a controllable and tuneable manner using an electro-deposition process.
The supercapacitor device itself was fabricated by taking two pieces of the electrode film, placing them in parallel, incorporating a polyvinyl acetate (PVA) gel electrolyte, packing the device with a nickel foam and subjecting the components to high pressures to bind them all together.
The interspersion of the activated carbon particles helped to facilitate and efficient electrolyte ion transport and the deposition of MnO2微球，由反应时间简单调整控制。
研究人员使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM，JEOL JSM-7001F），透射电子显微镜（TEM，JEM-1010），现场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM，SU8010）组合进行了电极的表征。X射线衍射（XRD，Bruker D8），拉曼光谱（Labram HR Evolution）和X射线光电子光谱（XPS，Axis Ultra DLD）。
The team also employed a CHI 660D electrochemical workstation with a three-electrode system to simultaneously measure cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cycling stability of the electrodes and the supercapacitance devices
The synergistic effects between the graphene sheets, activated carbon and MnO2microspheres led to an electrode with excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performance. The morphology of the MnO2microspheres, which was determined through the tuneable deposition process, was found to affect the electrochemical performance of the electrodes.
The electrodes produced with an MnO2deposition time of 1200 seconds were found to produce the most efficient and promising electrodes.
The composite electrodes were found to exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 1231 mF cm-2and a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2. The symmetrical supercapacitance device was found to possess a high mechanical flexibility. It retained 88.6% of their original capacitance after 500 bends, a high cycling stability with 82.8% of its original capacitance being retained after 10000 cycles, a maximum energy density of 0.27 mWh cm-3最大功率密度为0.02 wcm-3.
In addition to exhibiting excellent properties, the electrochemical performance was found to be stable overall and hasn’t fallen prey to common problems associated with new high energy electrodes, where an enhanced electrochemical performance is found but often at the expense of the device’s stability.
Overall, the Researchers have demonstrated an efficient and stable graphene-based electrode and supercapacitance device. Whether the research makes it past academia and into the commercial sector remains to be seen, but it does offer itself as a potential electrode material for flexible energy storage devices and wearable/flexible electronic device applications.
图片来源：
GiroScience/ Shutterstock.com
来源：
“High-performance MnO2-deposited graphene/activated carbon film electrodes for flexible solid-state supercapacitor”- Xu L.,Scientific Reports,2017，doi：10.1038/s41598-017-11267-0
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