Inside the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) mechanical rooms supporting corporate campuses, industrial plants, large commercial buildings, and institutional facilities, it is crucial to guarantee there is a working environment which is safe.
必须观察安全方案和严格的准则，以防止未能监视这些区域泄漏制冷剂，有毒或可燃气体时发生的悲惨事故。
避免事故最常使用的方法是审核安全系统HVAC mechanical rooms检查正确的气体探测器的安装以及建议的安装位置，以提供适当的保护。
这应该定期进行；至关重要的是要确保在锅炉，HVAC，燃料或电气设备进行升级或改造或支持新功能要求时，例如提高能源效率的新功能要求，这一点至关重要。2020欧洲杯下注官网
The safety industry has worked hard over the past ten years to enhance the power of toxic, refrigerant and combustible gas sensors. Better communications and intelligence abilities have been included at both the sensor and systems levels because of the utilization of the most up to date digital technologies. This quickly evolving technology means the latest generation of systems and sensors are less prone to false alarms, are more robust, and are easier to maintain and install.
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Figure 1.Mechanical Equipment Room Overview
HVAC房间
建筑物的机械室是其空调，供暖和通风系统的中心。这可以包括：
- 加油室
- Central utility plants
- Chiller and boiler rooms
- 电气和机械室
There is a potential for leaks to occur because of the equipment housed within such rooms. This can include the leaking of refrigerants, combustible and toxic gases which are costly, dangerous, and damaging to the environment.
制冷剂的毒性相对较低，但仍被归类为有毒气体，这对于一些与之合作的人可能会令人惊讶。尽管毒性低，但在高浓度下，制冷剂仍可以取代氧气，而氧气剥夺可能会导致意外伤害或通过窒息而导致死亡。以这种方式的死亡或伤害是OSHA下的安全法规的直接违反。
这些化学物质是由美国环境保护署（EPA）调节的管制物质，这意味着它们对工人的健康和安全危险，也对环境有害。许多制冷剂被归类为臭氧耗竭，因此被高度审查。气体探测器满足EPA法规中包括的设备室排放监控要求。2020欧洲杯下注官网
除了EPA法规外，还有美国供暖，制冷和空调工程师协会（ASHRAE）标准15，以及任何地方和州建筑法规的法规。根据Ashae 15的规定如下：
- Each machinery room shall contain a detector located where a refrigerant leak would concentrate
- The detector shall trigger an audible and visual alarm both inside and outside the mechanical room and activate mechanical ventilation
Detector Placement
The detectors utilized to observe refrigerant leaks should not be mounted toHVAC结构that are prone to shocks and strong vibrations, like piping. They should be mounted to the unit vertically and not located in close proximity to direct solar heating, excessive heat sources, or in a damp or wet location. For proper cooling, it is recommended to leave at least three inches of clearance around all surfaces besides the mounting surface.
Sample Point Locations
A gas sample point can be remotely located up to 150 ft (46 m) from the monitor (500 ft. [152 m] for 0.18” [4.6 mm] ID tubing) in a location where refrigerant vapors are more likely to accumulate or leak, depending on the gas monitoring system manufacturer’s recommendations. The capability of the unit to detect leaks is greatly improved by placing the sample point close to the barrel of the chiller and on the adjacent corners.
建议监视楼梯间，凹坑和沟渠等位置：因为制冷剂比空气重。如果可行，请监视冷却器的通风线。如果气缸泄漏，如果靠近冷水室或内部，请不要忘记观察气缸存储区域。
Choosing a Gas Monitoring System
有许多用于机械室中制冷剂应用的制冷剂气体探测器和监测系统，可从各种制造商那里获得。每个型号都有优势，而其中许多模型也有自己的局限性。
确定您个人需求所需的关键监控能力列表是有益的。为了帮助清单，这里有一些示例问题要询问供应商：
- 该系统是否能够进行多点监视，并且可以轻松扩展吗？
- 该系统是否符合Ashrae 15规定的法规？
- 系统控制器是否包括集成BACNET或MODBU，以直接与该设施的集中控制系统进行直接数字通信？
- 控制器是否有多个继电器来进行故障和警报警报，以及与喇叭和频闪的连接（Ashrae 15要求）？
- 检测气体需要什么ppm水平？
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Figure 2。制冷剂泄漏监测系统
在购买检测系统之前，请务必考虑设置要求，以确保系统具有插件功能，从而消除了耗时的配置。还建议询问维护要求以及维护的频率。
Conclusion
为了确保维护安全的工作环境，与制冷剂合作时遵守安全法规至关重要。制冷剂有毒，可能导致工人事故，因耗氧而导致的伤害甚至死亡，昂贵，对环境有害。有了最新一代的制冷剂气体监测系统，符合ASHRAE 15，这些问题可以避免。这些系统能够快速检测气体，并且易于使用和安装。
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