An Introduction to the Technical Ceramics That Are Beneficial to Dentists

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Technical ceramics are used in a wide range of applications because their use can be tailored to provide specific properties that are beneficial to each application. This is due in part to the range of properties that these ceramics offer, but also the range of ceramics available across different material classes. In this article, we look at how technical ceramics are used in dental applications and the property benefits that these materials bring.

什么是技术陶瓷

Technical ceramics are a class of non-metallic inorganic-based ceramics which provide specific properties, often mechanically or thermal-based, to a given application. There are many types of technical ceramics and the choice of ceramic is usually tailored to each specific application. On the classification front, inorganic technical ceramics usually fall within two categories— amorphous glasses and crystalline materials, although there are instances where these two categories meet and a hybrid of the two is used.

专注于牙科应用中使用的两个通用类，基于玻璃的技术陶瓷通常由二氧化硅材料组成，还可以在其成分构成中包含一定数量的氧化铝。欧洲杯足球竞彩它们通常是铝硅酸盐眼镜。但是，根据牙科应用，可以将各种填充物添加到眼镜中。欧洲杯足球竞彩另一方面，结晶技术陶瓷是由烧结的晶体形成的材料，具有致密，无气和无玻璃结构，其中大多数是某种形式的氧化物（无欧洲杯足球竞彩论是氧化锆，铝氧化物还是其他）。许多杂种材料仍然具有核心结构结构，但它欧洲杯足球竞彩们充满了玻璃基材料，例如氧化铝，氧化锆或羟基磷灰石。

使用技术陶瓷的牙科区域

使用的主要区域是牙齿的恢复，无论是用于填充物，植入物，更换牙冠，甚至是根管手术中的粘结材料。在这些领域中，以不同的方式使用了不同的陶瓷，最有用的进步之一是使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）流程，这有助于减少时间和成本与这些程序相关联。

The Properties Which Are Beneficial For Dentists

There is a fine line in dentistry (compared to other applications) with balancing the aesthetics of how the ceramic will look against the properties they provide. As many people care about how their teeth look, it is one of only a few applications where the materialistic properties and aesthetic look need to be balanced. So, on one hand, the glassier the ceramic is, the more translucent and aesthetically pleasing it will be. However, highly glassy ceramics tend to be weaker and are more susceptible to crack propagation. On the other hand, highly crystalline materials have much better mechanical properties, but it is often at the expense of aesthetics. Considering many people want dental treatments to be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional, dental ceramics are developed with both factors in mind.

Nevertheless, the area is well-developed and has advanced significantly over the years to the point where both aspects can be achieved with a high success by using hybrid materials (gone are the days of ‘ugly’ dental treatments). Each type of ceramic component brings something to the application, be it for using different oxides to develop the appropriate opacity of the ceramic, to using Kaolin as a binder material, or even using feldspar to better initiate the fusion of the ceramic into a solid mass. Overall, regardless of the aesthetic principles, there are a couple of key properties that are realized by using technical ceramics in dental applications. These are a high strength and fracture toughness.

Strength

Strength is a big factor for dental applications. Technical ceramics have a high fatigue strength which enables them to be used for long periods of time and are extremely durable—which is a significant benefit considering the amount of mechanical stress that they are under in the mouth. Technical dental ceramics also have a high resistance to compressive stress, which is again important as the motion of eating often imparts a large amount of compression onto the teeth. However, the strength is limited by the strength of the filler within the ceramic, but the overall strength is not the most important factor.

Fracture Toughness

The fracture toughness is the most important and beneficial property that technical ceramics bring to dental prosthetics. Fracture toughness is the ability to resist crack growth, and in dental prosthetics, this is a crucial factor as any broken ceramics would need to be replaced and this would soon get costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the technical ceramics used in dental applications have a higher resistance to cracking than many other materials.

技术陶瓷在牙齿应用中提供了这种抗裂纹的三种方式：这些是通过裂纹尖端相互作用，裂纹尖端屏蔽和裂纹桥接。在裂纹尖端相互作用机制中，陶瓷内的颗粒会阻碍裂纹运动并将其偏转到另一个平面，欧洲杯猜球平台因此陶瓷不再受到导致裂纹的原始拉伸强度的影响。在裂纹尖端屏蔽中，通过转换或微结构阻塞方法发生了内部韧性机制，从而减少了裂纹的应力。对于裂缝桥梁，一些颗粒充当“韧带”，从而使裂缝更难打开。欧洲杯猜球平台无论采用哪种机制，它都可以比其他材料更能抵抗开裂。欧洲杯足球竞彩

其他属性

Aside from the two main benefits, technical ceramics also possess a high biocompatibility that enables them to be used within the body without complication, they have a high surface hardness, the thermal expansion of technical ceramics nowadays is almost comparable to that of a natural tooth, and there is a high adhesion affinity between these ceramics and the natural tooth which helps to promote long-term cohesiveness and durability.

Sources and Further Reading

• Ceramic Industry:https://www.ceramicindustry.com/欧洲杯猜球平台articles/95536-technical-ceramics-empower-medical-medical-and-medical-and-and-and-vancements
• “牙科中的陶瓷材料欧洲杯足球竞彩：历史进化和当前实践” -Kelly J. R.和Benetti P.，澳大利亚牙科杂志2011，，，，DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01299.x
• “Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods”- da Silva L. H. et al,Brazilian Oral Research，，，，2017，doi：10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0058
• “Dental Ceramics: Part I – An Overview of Composition, Structure and Properties”- Babu P. J. et al,美国材料工程和技术杂志欧洲杯足球竞彩，，，，2015，doi：10.12691/材料欧洲杯足球竞彩-3-1-3
• “Properties and Clinical Application of Three Types of Dental Glass-Ceramics and Ceramics for CAD-CAM Technologies”- Ritzberger C. et al,欧洲杯足球竞彩，，，，2010，，，，DOI: 10.3390/ma3063700
• “牙科陶瓷：更新” - Shenoy A.和Shenoy N.，Journal of Conservative Dentistry，，，，2010，，，，DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.73379

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