Over a century ago, the practice of used oil analysis or in-service oil analysis began on locomotive engines. Today, it is one of the most vital parts of condition based maintenance (CBM), a practice of assessing a machine’s condition by collecting data on key machine health indicators periodically, in order to establish maintenance schedules.
每年,由于润滑剂性能不足而磨损的机械组件,每年都花费数十亿美元。知道如何解释波动的润滑剂特征可以增强寿命和正常运行时间关键资产。有关影响可靠性和性能的问题的侵蚀,佩戴零件以及污染供应见欧洲杯猜球平台解的颗粒和碎屑的存在或数量。
燃料,润滑剂和其他关键流体分析提供了至关重要的预警信息,这表明机器故障。可以通过分析和趋势数据进行重大故障之前安排维护。结果是较低的维护成本,设备的可用性和生产率较高,最佳设备性能,较低的总拥有成本(TCO),较少的2020欧洲杯下注官网中断以及更绿色的操作。
What is In-service Oil Analysis?
Lubricating oil is the life blood of oil wetted machinery.在职油分析可以提供有关机器磨损状况,润滑剂污染和润滑剂条件的信息(图1)。根据石油分析结果的诊断,维护专业人员和可靠性工程师可以做出有关维护的决定。
Machine wear analysis is basically the analysis of particles in the oil. Machine wear can be classified into abrasive (cutting) wear, adhesive (sliding) wear, corrosive wear, and fatigue wear. A total wear particle analysis consists of wear metal and alloy elements, particle shape and morphology, measure of particle count and distribution, and presence of large ferrous particles.
Different methods and tools have been used in commercial laboratories or in the field over the years, but essentially they all supply the aforementioned information. Certain issues are different for rotating engines than from industrial rotating machines, even though all wear particle analysis methods can be applied to different types of assets.
由于烟灰(纳米尺寸的碳颗粒作为燃烧副产品),发动机油可能是黑暗的,而相互发动机往往会产生精美的磨损颗粒。欧洲杯猜球平台元素分析是在确定发动机磨损条件的商业油实验室中进行的第一个或有时是唯一的分析,因为不同磨损金属元素的浓度确定了发动机中运动零件的严重性。
Slower moving rotating machines, like gearboxes, usually produce larger wear particles. Large ferrous particle analysis is fairly common and simple to execute on oils from these assets as most of them are made of steel.
石油中的污染物以液体或固体形式存在。通常通过粒子计数和尺寸技术来监测固体污染物,例如泥土和沙子。工业旋转机的液体污染物主要是水。但是,对于气体或柴油发动机,它可以是冷却液,水或燃料。
在所有资产类型中,常见的污染物是有目的或意外利用不正确的润滑剂,同时又倒入了旧油。所有污染物都可以降低油的使用寿命,并大大增加机器磨损。必须使用适当的密封和过滤系统积极预防它们,应定期监控它们。
监测润滑剂降解有助于确定油是否不再适合使用以及是否必须更改。粘度是石油的关键特性,通常在发动机的100°C下测量,用于旋转机器的40°C。
在旋转机中监测油的酸度和氧化(总酸性或棕褐色)。这是为了确定油是否仍然适合使用并防止腐蚀。对于发动机油,监测油中的硝化,硫酸化,氧化和总碱性添加剂(总基数或TBN)。对于天然气发动机油,对棕褐色进行监控,以及其他发动机油参数。
服务机油分析的好处
主要优势in-service oil analysis生产率提高和维护成本可节省,从而改善运行机器的正常运行时间。如果使用正确的油并且油干净,干燥并适合使用,则机器运行更长的时间。
导致机器故障的最常见润滑问题之一是混合油。在机器中使用适当的润滑油是一项简单的任务,可以增强机器的可靠性。检查品牌,粘度和石油等级并检查外来液体的污染将有助于减少油混合的可能性,并使机器以最大的效率保持运行。
过滤系统和密封件必须正常工作,需要定期检查油,以保持油干燥,清洁且无污染物。发动机油中的冷却液或燃料会改变粘度,并导致粘合剂的产生。油中的水分会导致腐蚀。油中的污垢和沙子会导致磨损。有必要始终保持润滑油干燥和清洁。
Oil conditions should be monitored frequently to ensure the oil is used within its performance specification to keep it fit for use. A well balanced oil analysis program should monitor oil degradation, oil contamination, and machine wear condition.
定期测量关键参数,并密切监视它们的趋势。如果任何参数都超过警报限制或确定趋势率的更改,请警报可靠性工程师,并可能需要进行维护操作以解决可能的问题。
执行良好的石油分析计划的成本节省源于由于灾难性故障加上降低维修成本并停止不必要的石油变化而导致计划外的停机损失减少。在造纸厂或发电厂中,大部分成本节省来自机器的停机时间和维修。
In the instance of a mining site possessing hundreds of hauling trucks, the majority of cost savings come from preventing engine failures. However, for a municipal transportation fleet, the cost savings from oil analysis are a result of less labor, material, and recycling by increasing the oil drain intervals.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by AMETEK Spectro Scientific.
For more information on this source, please visitAmetek Spectro Scientific。