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Smart聚合物一词具有各种不同的化合物，可以改变其环境的颜色，透明度或形状；他们之所以聪明，是因为当检测到微小的环境变化时，他们能够以非常戏剧的方式做出反应。
It only takes a small variation in temperature, humidity, pH, or light, for example, to induce a large change in smart polymer properties, and this non-linear response makes them unique. Smart polymers tend to have an all-or-nothing response, and are completely predictable, with the change being uniform throughout the material. They might alter their conformation, adhesiveness or water retention properties, and can return to their initial state when the stimulus ends.
这些生物相容性，强，弹性和柔性聚合物根据其物理特征或它们反应的刺激进行分类。如果通过其物理形状进行分组，则可以将它们分类为游离线性链溶液，可逆凝胶共价交联，聚合物链移植在表面上。
When classified by stimuli they respond to, they may fall into one of three groups:
- 身体的- 温度，超声，光或机械强度。
- 化学- pH和离子强度。
- 生物– enzymes and biomolecules.
Polymers sensitive to pH accept or release protons in response to pH changed and contain acidic or basic groups. Thermo-responsive polymers are sensitive to temperature and change their microstructural features in response.
光被认为是一种干净的刺激，可允许无需物理接触或机械设备的聚合物远程控制。它使科学家能够改变光切开分子的几何形状和偶极矩，从而导致结构中的宏观变化。这可能会影响最终属性，例如润湿性，渗透性和颜色。
科学家在研究了天然聚合物在生物系统中的表现，开发了具有特定特征的合成智能聚合物。这些新的聚合物材料是化学配制的，以感知生欧洲杯足球竞彩物系统环境的特殊变化并预期调整。当我们发现化学和触发器会改变聚合物结构并找到利用和控制它们的新方法时，它们逐渐变得越来越普遍。
智能聚合物，也称为刺激性反应性聚合物或智能材料，出现在高度专业化的物品和日常食物中。欧洲杯足球竞彩他们的用途包括传感器和执行器，例如人造肌肉。水凝胶的生产；可生物降解包装；和生物医学工程。
药物输送系统
智能聚合物对药物输送系统非常感兴趣，在该系统中，它们可以用于控制药物的释放，直到到达所需的目的地为止。它们不仅便宜，而且很容易控制。
Traditionally drugs have been encapsulated using lactic acid polymers, but more recently lattice-like matrices have been employed to hold the drug of interest by integrating or trapping them between polymer strands. This prevents the degradation of the drug delivery system as it journeys through the highly acidic stomach environment, while also avoiding any adverse effects in healthy bone and tissue.
A chemical or physiological structure-altering reaction controls the release of the drug, often a hydrolysis reaction, which cleaves the bonds and releases the drug as the matrix deteriorates into biodegradable components.
蛋白质纯化
Smart polymers may be used in protein purification where they undergo a rapid and reversible change in response to a change in medium properties. Such smart polymers are found in the conjugated systems used in physical and affinity separation and immunoassays. Microstructure alterations in the polymer structure are shown as precipitation formation.
They work when the protein to be separation forms a bioconjugate – a stable covalent link between the biomolecule and another molecule – with a polymer and precipitated with the polymer when the environment is changed. The precipitate can be removed, and the protein can be removed from the polymer and return to its original state.
自适应伤口敷料
固定在具有水合功能的3D纤维基质中的超吸收性合成智能聚合物 - 嵌入在材料核心中的水凝胶 - 可作为可支持最佳愈合的伤口敷料。
Its mode of action relies on the ability of the polymer to detect and adapt to varying humidity and fluid content in all areas of the wound and to automatically and reversibly switch between absorption and hydration. This action ensures a synchronized response of the dressing to changes in and around the wound to achieve the best healing environment at all times.
This details just a few uses, there are many more potential applications, including tissue engineering, cell culture, gene carriers, in textile engineering and oil recovery. The more scientists learn about how smart polymers react, the more likely we are to see them becoming commonplace.
来源和进一步阅读
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