Editorial Feature

Transforming the Aircraft Interior with 3D Printing Technology

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在像航空业务一样大而竞争性的行业中,必须进行生产优化和效率。通过增加寻求更可持续的方法的环境需求,进一步加剧了生产进步的需求。3D打印是一个相对较新的制造过程,航空航天公司正在寻找在该行业中拥有的更多用途。

3D打印与传统制造过程

3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing (AM), which builds products up layer by layer. Its counterpart process, subtractive manufacturing, takes an object and removes material from it to create the final product (stamping out a component from a larger piece of sheet metal, for example).

减法制造是更常用的过程,对于不需要复杂细节级别的较大零件更有益。但是,该过程在浪费中挣扎。飞机的某些结构组件可能会浪费多达加工过程的90%的原始材料(Balazinskiet al.2019).

The speed of the process is a notable factor. In high product volume, subtractive is almost always faster (the exceptions being products with exceptionally high detail). However, in some low volumes of components, or components that require customization, additive manufacturing can be significantly faster.

航空业的3D打印

It is important to note that 3D printing is already integrated into the aerospace industry. Large companies such as Airbus have been 3D printing brackets, clips, and holding devices for their aircraft (Griffiths, 2018). Its 2018 3D-printed spacer panel saw a 15% decrease in weight to the original, with no loss of aesthetic or functional value to the passengers (Griffiths, 2018).

该行业可以采取多少加化制造?

在特定情况下,添加剂制造是一种吸引人的选择。但是,该组件必须遵守法规,并且长期需要新组件,以应对某些组件的长时间打印时间(较大的组件最多需要80小时才能打印(Griffiths,2020年))。

Thankfully, the aerospace industry does have a need for this. Aerospace engineers are aware of the nature of aircraft lifespans and cycles and how these things affect component usage and replacement. In checks, 5-10% of the passenger interior are damaged somehow (Griffiths, 2020).

Even though the cabin only contributes to 3-5% of the total cost (Lv, 2019), it is a large part of the design phase. This is the most customer-facing location of the aircraft, and therefore its aesthetic, ease of use, and comfortability define the airline’s brand and image (Lv, 2019). Because of this, rapidly produced, simple components such as cupholders and monitor shrouds can be continuously produced using 3D printing.

3D打印不仅满足了一致的,面向客户的组件替代品的需求,在某些情况下,它在当前的设计上都有改进。上述监视器罩比传统制造的同类产品轻9-13%(Griffiths,2020年)。还可以定制杯架以降低溢出风险,从而进一步减少对机舱的损坏。

增材制造和当前标准化和认证

3D打印的最显着缺点之一以及该行业引入的任何其他新生产方法是每个飞机组件所需的非常严格的标准和认证。

这些要求是合理的,并且飞机组件应尽可能准确地标准化,以确保乘客的安全。但是,它们也使得引入由不同制造方法制成的零件而没有一定程度的摩擦。这是制造商没有进一步实施其生产线的主要原因之一:AM的好处超过了零件无法满足这些越来越过时的要求的风险(Griffiths,2020年)。

如果重新考虑这些标准和认证以适应新的制造方法,那么将删除这种瓶颈(Griffiths,2020),并将引入更多的AM创新。

尽管3D打印不太可能负责完全建造飞机(至少不是当前技术),但预期的AM使用范围差异很大,例如,某些公司(例如阿提哈德航空公司),建议最多只有60%一代飞机舱可以打印3D。

机舱外3D打印机会

即使在许多情况下,添加剂制造不适合创建特定的飞机组件,仍然可以实施以改善减法制造过程。LV(2019)等研究人员已经注意到,添加剂制造方法的大量机会可以开发诸如夹具,固定装置,曼德尔,曼德尔,代理,死亡和模具等工具。

在这些单一的特定工作工具中,3D打印将是一个更快,更便宜的生产选择。这些部分的另一个好处是,这些组件的标准化不如飞机组件严格,这意味着它们不会遇到任何认证检查的问题。目前,航空航天行业的两个巨头波音和空中客车公司为此使用3D打印(LV,2019年)。

References and Further Reading

Griffiths, L. (2018).3D打印如何塑造飞机维护,维修和大修的未来。[在线] TCT MAG。可用网址:https://www.tctmagazine.com/addistive-manufacturing-3d-printing-news/addived-manufacturing-aerospace-maintenance-repair/Accessed 14thJanuary 2021.

Griffiths, L. (2020).Additive manufacturing in the aircraft cabin[在线] TCT MAG。可用网址:
https://www.tctmagazine.com/addistive-manufacturing-3d-printing-news/addivity-manufacturing-in-the-the-aircraft-cabin/Accessed 14thJanuary 2021.

Griffiths, L. (2020).There's "huge potential" for 3D printing inside aircraft cabins[在线] TCT MAG。可用网址:https://www.tctmagazine.com/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing-news/the-huge-potential-for-3d-printing-inside-the-aircraft-cabin/Accessed 14thJanuary 2021.

Singamneni,Sarat&LV,Yifan&Hewitt,Andrew&Chalk,Rodger&Thomas,Wayne&Jordison,David。(2019)。飞机行业的增材制造:审查。Journal of Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering.DOI:10.35248/2168-9792.19.8.215

Hodonou,C.,Balazinski,M.,Brochu,M。等。飞机结构组件的材料设计方法的选择方法:添加剂与减法制造过程的应用。Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103, 1509–1517 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03613-5

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Terry Ventre

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Terry Ventre

特里(Terry)是利物浦大学(University of Liverpool)的最新毕业生,拥有航空工程硕士学位。他一直热衷于写作,并在马尔伯勒学院(Marlborough College)学习英语文学。特里(Terry)在大学中与医学工程有关的论文,在那里他建立了一个测试钻机,以分析适用于医疗环境中的软机器人执行器的材料特性。

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