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在分析化学领域，了解给定样品中存在的内容对于其分析至关重要。因此，该领域使用了许多不同的工艺和类型的设备。2020欧洲杯下注官网本文将概述元素分析以及使用元素分析仪的一种常见技术作品。
What is Elemental Analysis?
元素分析是分析其元素组成样本的过程。它还可以提供有关物质同位素组成的信息。该过程可以分析的样品的示例包括化合物，矿物质，体液和废水/饮用水。
Elemental analysis can be both qualitative and quantitative. Many different techniques can be employed by analytical chemists for both types of analysis. For qualitative analysis, methods include atomic spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Scöhniger oxidation. Quantitative methods include gravimetry, neutron activation analysis, and optical atomic spectroscopy.
元素分析领域可以追溯到Antoine Lavoisier，后者被广泛认为是现代化学的父亲。当时，元素分析基于在燃烧气体吸附之前和之后的样品的重量测定。如今，元素分析可以通过全自动系统进行。
元素分析（EA）通常是指CHNX分析。这是碳，氢，氮和杂原子（X）的质量分数的测定。杂原子包括卤素和硫。对这些元素的分析对于分辨未知化合物的结构或阐明合成化合物的纯度和结构很重要。可以使用正确的设备分析其他元素。2020欧洲杯下注官网
What is an Elemental Analyzer?
An elemental analyzer is a piece of equipment that provides information on the elements which make up a target sample. A sample is superheated to the point at which it instantly becomes a gas, and it is this gaseous form that passes through the analyzer’s mechanism.
While other techniques such as chromatographic procedures and mass spectrometry are now the primary techniques for structural determination, EA still gives valuable complementary information for analytical chemists. Elemental analyzers are also faster and less expensive than the alternatives. In addition, they are capable of handling a wide variety of samples, including solids, liquids, and volatile compounds.
元素分析仪在许多领域都发现了使用。例如，在石油工业中，它们用于定期监视炼油厂催化剂的可乐积聚，以确保最佳的操作参数。在食品工业中，他们确定食品中的氮（作为蛋白质代理），以评估谷物定价和肉类产品。
元素分析仪如何工作？
元素分析仪通过将元素迅速加热到足够高的温度来工作，使其燃烧。然后，它通过其气态状态通过分析仪。检测器检测到存在的元素，研究人员在计算机屏幕上读取此信息。
分析仪通常以模块化形式构造，这意味着可以设置它们以确定不同的元素。这种模块化设置提供了操作的灵活性和使用各种样品重量的能力，从几毫克到目标物质的几克。例如，在CHN（碳，氢，氮，硫）分析仪中，可以通过这种模块化性质来设置它们以分析N，CHN，CHN或任何组合。
The choice of instrumentation depends on the elements, sample type, sample size, and concentration of the analyte. For example, the sample introduction system is highly dependent on sample type and application. Solids and viscous liquid are introduced in a capsule. Liquid samples can either be sealed in individual vials or introduced via a liquid auto-sampler. A microbalancer may be required to allow automatic recording of each test portion’s weight. Ash from the combustion process must be removed along with other impurities to avoid interference with analysis results.
Two gas supplies are required: an inert carrier gas (usually helium) and high purity oxygen for combustion. Helium removes gas for the next stage in the process. They are then passed over heated high-purity copper to remove any additional oxygen and convert any nitrogen oxides to nitrogen gas. Passing the gases through absorbent traps leaves only water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Some instruments house the combustion and reduction stages in separate furnaces, while others carry them out in a single two-tier furnace. Catalysts, copper, and absorbents are packed into exchangeable tubes made of high-quality silica or ceramics.
可以通过多种方式进行气体检测。这些包括气相色谱法（GC）分离，然后使用热导率检测或一系列单独的导热率和红外细胞进行定量，以检测单个化合物。使用高纯度化合物（例如苯甲酸和乙酰烷酰胺）进行定量的校准。
Control of the equipment is carried out via a computer interface. This is used to set up the work program, manage the calibration procedures, and provide diagnostics information on the equipment itself. Finally, dedicated software offers readings on the level of analytes present in the sample.
综上所述
元素分析仪是在各种行业中使用的可靠，具有成本效益的实验室设备。2020欧洲杯下注官网结果，他们无疑将在未来许多年内在分析化学领域找到应用。它们与其他分析技术结合使用，是现代实验室的基石。
进一步阅读和更多信息
皇家化学学会（网站）AMC技术简介 - CHNS Elemental Analyzers [2021年4月21日在线访问]https://www.rsc.org/images/chns-elemental-analysers-technical-brief-29_tcm18-214833.pdf
Chem.libretexts.org（网站）1：1元素分析简介[在线访问2021年4月21日]https://chem.libretexts.org/bookshelves/Analytical_chemistry/book
Chem.libretexts.org（网站）1：3：燃烧性分析简介[在线访问2021年4月21日]https://chem.libretexts.org/bookshelves/Analytical_chemistry/book
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