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The particle size of a material can alter its properties. In the manufacture of ceramics, analyzing particle size is a highly important factor. Scientists seek to control particle size to ensure the finished product has the required physical and mechanical properties. If particle size were not controlled, inconsistencies in product quality and safety would ensue. While there are several methods suitable for particle size analysis, the most common technique used in ceramics manufacture is laser diffraction. Here, we go into depth about why particle size analysis is important when manufacturing ceramics and how scientists carry out this type of analysis.
为什么粒度分析在陶瓷的生产中很重要?
Ceramic items are manufactured from powders. The size and distribution of the particles in these powders are directly linked to the resultant physical and mechanical properties of the product. Therefore, controlling particle size is a key part of ceramic manufacture as it allows the producers to ensure that their products meet requirements.
最常见的是,氧化氧化铝到氧化锆等氧化物用于产生陶瓷产品。这些化合物的粒径可能会大大变化,从小于100 nm到大于100 µm。在不分析和控制粒径的情况下,这些氧化物的不同尺寸会改变陶瓷的致密性,传输和机械性能。这在电子陶瓷和燃料电池的生产中尤其麻烦。
氧化铝是陶瓷行业中最常用的材料之一。欧洲杯足球竞彩它有助于生产磨料,瓷器,耐火材料和其他产品。欧洲杯足球竞彩研究表明,氧化铝颗粒的大小直接影响由氧化铝产生的陶瓷的机械性能。欧洲杯猜球平台
陶瓷产品通常由于其强度和稳健性而被使用。鉴于用于生产这些产品的化合物的粒径可以影响这一方面,因此运行有效的粒度分析是确保制造商可靠地提供满足各种应用陶瓷强度要求的关键。
如何分析陶瓷制造中的粒径
虽然可以成功地使用许多方法来分析粒径,例如动态图像分析(DIA),动态光散射(DLS),声学光谱和筛分分析,也许是陶瓷制造领域中最常用的方法是静态激光散射(SLS,也称为激光衍射)。
SLS可以检测和测量各种尺寸的颗粒,从仅测量10纳米直径欧洲杯猜球平台的颗粒到像毫米一样大的颗粒。鉴于陶瓷中的粒度范围具有相似的范围,如上所述,对于氧化铝颗粒,SLS适合陶瓷制造的分析需求。欧洲杯猜球平台
The technique of SLS utilizes a laser beam that is passed through a dispersed particulate sample. The intensity of the resultant scattered light is analyzed and the measured angular variation of this light scatter is used to indicate particle size. For example, smaller particles scatter the light at larger angles, whereas larger particles scatter the lighter at smaller angles relative to the laser beam source. The data collected on angular scattering intensity is analyzed using the Mie theory of light scattering to determine the size of the particles in the particulate sample. Particle sizes are reported as the volume equivalent sphere diameter.
Particle Size Analysis Used to Determine Particle Distribution
The Mie theory of light scattering is used to determine the distribution of particles in a sample, which is also influential for the physical and mechanical properties of a ceramic product. The volume equivalent sphere diameter produced earlier on is used to help calculate this distribution.
样品的光学特性(其折射率和虚构成分)是与分散剂的折射率一起测量的样品以计算颗粒分布的。通常,分散剂的光学特性可以在已发布的数据中找到。如果没有,那么也可以经常发现它们在现代测量仪器的内置数据库中记录。如果未知样品的光学特性,则使用迭代方法测量或估计它们。
虽然可以使用更简单的方法来计算粒子分布,但不需要对样品的光学特性知识的Fraunhofer近似,此技术不能为粒径较小的样品产生准确的结果。
概括
总体而言,粒度分析在陶瓷的制造中至关重要,因为它有助于保持产品一致性。用于创建陶瓷的颗粒的大小会欧洲杯猜球平台影响其物理和机械性能,因此,作为质量控制的一部分,分析至关重要。从粒度分析中收集的数据通常可用于协助计算粒子分布,这与制造的陶瓷的结果同样重要。
参考和进一步阅读
Chi,W。和Xiangjun,G.,2010年。激光光散射:最近的一些发展。聚合物科学技术百科全书欧洲杯线上买球https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471440264.pst407
Kalo,H.,Möller,M.,Ziadeh,M.,Dolejš,D。和Breu,J.,2010年。在Na-fluorohector的开放式坩埚中,具有出色的电荷同质性和粒径的大型熔融合成。应用的粘土科学欧洲杯线上买球,48(1-2),第39-45页https://www.欧洲杯线上买球sciendirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s016913170900310x
Wu,C.,N.D。激光光散射在溶液中特殊棘手的大分子的表征。嫁接/表征技术/动力学建模,第103-134页https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-69685-7_3
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