Editorial Feature

铝合金在运输中的优势

俄罗斯铝生产商Rusal开发的铝制合金最近被俄罗斯当局批准用于造船行业。新合金比替代品更轻,更强大,这将为商业船只节省燃料。

图片来源:Richardjohnson/Shutterstock.com

俄罗斯允欧洲杯足球竞彩许用于造船的材料和方法受俄罗斯海上航运登记册,这是一个位于俄罗斯圣彼得堡的海洋分类学会。

寄存器更新了Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships在建造船舶和制造船舶的材料和产品期间的技术监督规则欧洲杯足球竞彩包括鲁萨尔的铝扫描合金1581(al-mg-s。)在规则的相关部分中,包括对焊接接头的要求。

用于汽车,航空航天和现在运输的铝制解决方案

Rusal于2021年4月推出了一系列新系列的铝制产品,称为“量表”。该范围内欧洲杯足球竞彩的材料利用了铝制合金的技术,物理和机械品质,以提供在汽车制造,航空航天和(现在)运输行业中常用的铝合金的轻巧替代品。

冷战期间在俄罗斯首次开发了铝合金。新颖的材料用于制造导欧洲杯足球竞彩弹和著名的Mig战斗机。

Scandium是第一个过渡元素,因此它在典型的稀土元素和轻质金属元件之间占据了中间位置。这使其成为与铝合金合金的理想候选者。

正如对材料进行的广泛研究所证明的那样,在铝合金中添加相对少量的scandium具有许多好处。

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The most significant of these benefits is a major increase in strength, with some studies finding increments of up to 100 MPa per 0.1 wt% of scandium added to an aluminum alloy. Such high strength is attributed to fine spherical L12 aluminum-scandium dispersoids, which typically measure just 10 nm in diameter.

Scandium是固体溶液硬化剂,因此铝合金同时充当降水硬化剂和重结晶抑制剂。该材料也是增强相的有利成核位点。

Alongside increased strength, adding scandium to an aluminum alloy also improves or stabilizes the material’s ductility. This feature combines with aluminum scandium’s strong resistance to recrystallization to enable the creation of superplastic alloys that can form at strain rates up to 10- 2s- 1

Magnesium in aluminum-scandium alloys developed by RUSAL also gives the material a lower density than other alloys.

Finally—and significantly for applications in the shipping industry—aluminum-scandium also resists corrosion better than other alloys.

What Are The Applications for Aluminum-Scandium?

总体而言,铝合金具有高强度,延展性,焊性,耐腐蚀性和低密度。

Combined, these features make the material ideal for aerospace and automotive manufacturing – usually in sheet and plate forms. Windmill blades and sporting goods like bicycle frames, baseball bats, and golf clubs are also often made with aluminum scandium.

俄罗斯造船业对鲁萨尔铝合金合金的新法规也将为该行业带来这些好处。

Barriers to Wider Adoption of Aluminum-Scandium Alloys

尽管航空航天组件,商业船只和体育用品在工程要求和规模上是与众不同的,但它们共享一件事:这三个代表材料的相对较高的市场。欧洲杯足球竞彩

有关船只新材料的更多信息欧洲杯足球竞彩:新的可回收DANU复合材料改善了动力艇性能

铝合金由于高昂的成本而被阻止采用大规模的合金。

大多数稀土和铀化合物沉积物中存在scandium,但全世界只有少量矿山从这些矿石中提取scandium。这是由于这些矿石中存在的其他稀土材料的价值较高。欧洲杯足球竞彩

最重要的是,金属扫描量相对复杂。氧化扫描剂必须转化为氟化扫描剂,然后使用金属钙还原。

Metallic scandium was only first extracted from ore in 1937, and applications for the material were not developed until the 1970s.

那时,俄罗斯研究人员发现了扫描群对铝合金的积极影响。直到今天,Scandium才真正用于铝合金。每年出售的材料的全球贸易(作为氧化葡萄干出售)限制在15至20吨之间。

然而,对氧化扫描的需求要高得多。每年对22.5至30吨氧化扫描量之间的需求明确,所有这些需求都满足对铝合金的需求。

Production and demand have both been rising sharply in light of all of this. Only three mines in the world produced scandium oxide in 2003, in Ukraine, China, and Russia. Since then, two more mines have started producing the material, both in the Philippines. A new mine in Nebraska, US, could produce up to 95 tons of scandium oxide each year if it gets the funding needed for development (around $1 billion).

扫描群的价格急剧上涨。在2015年至2019年之间,少量的金属s南ingot从每克107美元上升到每克134美元。同一时期,一克氧化扫描剂的价格从4美元上涨至$ 4升至5美元。

References and Further Reading

“铝 - 扫描(ALSC)的概述。”(2014)偶氮材料欧洲杯足球竞彩。可用网址://www.wireless-io.com/article.aspx?articleId=10670

Dorin,T。等。(2018)。“铝制扫描合金。”在铝冶金基础Woodhead Publishing。可用网址:https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-0-08-102063-0.00012-6

Kareta, N. (2021). “RUSAL's Aluminium-Scandium Alloy Included in the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.”聚光金属。可用网址:https://www.spotlightmetal.com/rusals-aluminium-scandium-alloy-ancluded-in-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-maritime-maritime-register-ofshipping-a-1058709/

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Ben Pilkington

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Ben Pilkington

Ben Pilkington is a freelance writer who is interested in society and technology. He enjoys learning how the latest scientific developments can affect us and imagining what will be possible in the future. Since completing graduate studies at Oxford University in 2016, Ben has reported on developments in computer software, the UK technology industry, digital rights and privacy, industrial automation, IoT, AI, additive manufacturing, sustainability, and clean technology.

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