光子或光子涂层通常用于增加组件的反射，传输或极化特性，例如棱镜，偏振膜，颜色过滤器，镜子，衍射镶嵌和耐火镜片。光子涂层都应用于许多领域，例如药物，传感器，电子等。
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光子涂层的特性
Photonic coatings are based on their optical properties which are applied in electronics and are associated with biomimetic fabrication, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, etc. As stated above, these coatings enhance the reflection, transmission, and polarization properties of components.
没有光涂层的玻璃组件将反映每个表面的4％的入射灯。相反，具有抗反射涂层的玻璃会显着将每个表面的反射显着降低到小于0.1％。高度反射的电介质涂层可以增强反射率超过99.99％。通常，光涂层由金属，氧化物和稀土材料组成。欧洲杯足球竞彩这些涂层的性能基于施加的涂层层及其折射率指数。
光子晶体，也称为光子带隙材料，是发育以影响光子运动的光学纳米结构，类似于半导体晶体影响电子运动的方式。欧洲杯足球竞彩光子晶体以多种形式具有自然界，并且在过去的百年中已经进行了广泛的研究。
这些晶体是用于控制光流的重要光学材料。欧洲杯足球竞彩光子晶体被广泛用于开发镜片和镜子的低反射涂层。它们还用于生产变色的涂料和墨水。
窗户的光子涂料
Scientists from the University of California, Berkeley Lab, have developed a polymer heat-reflective photonic coating, which when applied onto windows can improve energy efficiency. This coating contains photonic crystals which can reflect light selectively at different wavelengths. The main advantage of using this coating is that it limits the use of heating systems and air-conditioners.
聚合物热反射光子涂层基于刷块共聚物，可以迅速自组装形成光子晶体。这些晶体在整个太阳能光谱中很容易调节。换句话说，这些光子纳米晶体可以选择性地反射不同波长的光。
奶瓶聚合物的分子结构由一个主要的刚性分子链组成，刷子从侧面掉了。该结构的优点之一是它不容易纠缠。伯克利实验室的科学家雷蒙德·韦特坎普（Raymond Weitekamp）将瓶洗聚合物的结构与可以轻松对齐且僵硬的瓶装蠕虫进行了比较。相比之下，由于其结构，煮熟的意大利面条无法轻松对齐。
几种节能的窗口涂料是市售的，非常昂贵，需要专业承包商进行安装。新开发的产品具有成本效益，目前，他们正在努力将成本降低到1.50美元。低成本将增加消费者的使用，这可以节省约350亿千瓦时的年度能源消耗。
此外，这些涂料在窗户上的应用将显着将二氧化碳排放量减少240亿公斤，这相当于排放五百万辆汽车。
One of the technological challenges remaining to be addressed by scientists is the enhancement of the fidelity of the photonic coating material. This improvement will enhance the ability of the coating to reflect the majority of the sun’s energy while lowering the amount of heat passing into a building, while still being clear to the eye.
光子涂层监测敏感物体
英格兰大学霍尔布斯大学学院的研究人员开发了一种新的光子涂料技术，同时研究了用于光学和数字指纹的光子晶体。该涂层包括具有弹性衍射光学特性的可见IR透明聚合物树脂。该成分在化学上是稳定的，在水中不溶性，具有很高的可塑性，并且在20至80之间的温度下是稳定的oC.这些特性对开发具有光子特征的涂料非常有益。
The newly developed photonic coating could be applied to monitor sensitive objects at proximity or from a longer distance. Scientists explained that the primary coating constituents are transparent in both visible and infrared light. Each photonic crystal of the coating is designed such that the band-gap is controlled over two or more spectral regions.
This coating offers a unique signal that is not naturally occurring, is extremely difficult to fabricate, and is not easily recognizable by unwanted eyes with night vision capability. Put simply, this photonic coating contains a distinct infrared band-gap signature. Scientists are optimistic that this coating could be effectively used for anti-counterfeit detection for money and other commercial tracking applications.
Photonic Coatings for Optical Sensors
Studies have shown that photonic coatings, which are capable of responding to the changes in the surrounding environment, are used profoundly as optical sensors, adaptive camouflage, and information encryption. Recently scientists have developed humidity sensing, color-changing photonic polymer coatings, based on hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional (3D) blue phase liquid crystal networks.
此外，3D光子纳米结构的自组装特征，以及聚合物和底物表面之间的刚性共价键，在展示颜色变化方面起着重要作用。该聚合物光子涂层具有生动的结构颜色。
研究人员解释说，由于氢键的破坏，随后转化为吸湿聚合物涂层，因此发生了湿度驱动的可逆颜色变化，在光谱中发生了变化。该技术可以用于开发可量身定制的3D光子纳米结构，这些纳米结构可用于感测，显示，抗逆点和仿生伪装。
光子涂料和行业
The USA is the largest market for optical coatings in the world. Several companies commercially manufacture optical coatings, which are used as window coatings for temperature stability, sensors, electronics, medicine, etc. Helia Photonics is one such company based in Scotland, specializing in manufacturing thin coatings for semiconducting devices, laser facets, etc.
该组织还深入参与了有关光子涂料开发和改进的工业和学术研究。
参考和未来阅读
光涂层：材料和沉积技术。欧洲杯足球竞彩（2022）[在线]可用：https://www.photonics.com/欧洲杯猜球平台articles/optical_coation_欧洲杯足球竞彩materials_and_deposition/A25493
Yang, Y. et al.(2021) Bioinspired Color-Changing Photonic Polymer Coatings Based on Three-Dimensional Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Networks. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 13(34). pp. 41102–41111.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c11711
Heeswijk，Van A.P.E.等。（2018）塑料底物的精心粘附，易于生产的光子反射涂层。ACS应用材料和界面。欧洲杯足球竞彩10（35）。pp。30008–30013 ..https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11583
Du, X. et al. (2015) Water as a colorful ink: transparent, rewritable photonic coatings based on colloidal crystals embedded in chitosan hydrogel. Journal of Materials Chemistry C.3. pp. 3542-3546.
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