栽培的肉类，也称为培养的肉，是在实验室中使用组织工程技术在体外生长动物细胞的实验室制造的真正动物肉。这种形式的粮食生产消除了养育和养殖动物的需求。蜂窝农业是食品行业的一个分支机构，有可能解决动物福利，粮食不安全，人类健康以及由肉类生产引起的重要全球环境问题，预计到2040年将占全球肉类消费的35％。发酵IS是重新发明，通过开发新的食品机会来推动生物学的界限，这些新机会将更加精确，健康，可持续和人性化。
图片来源：稳定的Micro Systems Ltd
The texture of meat or fish has traditionally been the most significant aspect in determining consumer approval, and cell produced substitutes are no exception. It's critical for a consumer branching out to try a new, unfamiliar protein source to like the texture, especially since the sensory experience must be 'same-as'. Consumers are quick to express their displeasure if the taste, texture, or cooking properties of a traditionally farmed meat or fish alternative fall short of the real thing, and while they may be willing to try cultured or fermented products that do not involve animal cruelty, they will not be willing to sacrifice taste and texture.
如何评估/比较培养的肉类产品纹理与真实版本？
与所有替代产品一样，证明是在测试中。如果质地（和风味）不正确，则该产品将被拒绝。那就是那里texture analysiscomes in. Once the alternative product is created it will need to be compared with the ‘real thing’, who’s texture analysis fingerprint will have been determined as the ideal textural quality. If the replacement product is in any way different to the traditional product’s texture it may well be back to the drawing board.
稳定的微型系统生产仪器，以测量原料，单个材料和成品的拉伸和压缩性能。欧洲杯足球竞彩与任何食品创新一样，在开发过程中进行了大量研究，但是最终产品还必须经过质量控制过程来评估其机械（和感官）特性。一种Texture Analyseris a crucial part of this procedure, giving a reliable way to test products by applying a choice of compression, tension, extrusion, adhesion, bending or cutting tests to measure theirphysical or textural properties例如牢固，韧性，咀嚼和咬伤，仅举几例。
图片来源：稳定的Micro Systems Ltd
一种range of Texture Analysers are available varying in maximum force capacity and height options suited to the requirements of the application.
大量probes and fixtures可以根据要测试的产品/材料附加到仪器上。无论您是需要刀刀以测量咬合力还是肉/鱼，Kramer剪切单元以评估鸡肉圆角韧性，一个球探针来评估肉的牢固性，还是多次穿刺探测器来比较鸡肉掘金柔韧性 - 纹理分析是工具聘请。
图片来源：稳定的Micro Systems Ltd
Different ways to measure bite force of burgers, toughness of chicken pieces, firmness of flesh, or tenderness of chicken nuggets
如何测试培养的肉/鱼质地的示例 - 切割测试
考虑一条线中的前齿 - 可以通过在纹理分析仪上使用刀片来模仿其动作。如果消费者对肉质特征的首次评估是通过纤维切割或咬人，则逻辑测试方法是测量剪切或破坏纤维的力，以表明消费者可能会感知什么。
切割测量经常用于测量肉样品。它们使研究人员能够在快速清洁的测量中测量样品的硬度和韧性。咬合动作被用作许多旨在提供与人类评估紧密相关的措施的设备的基础。
可以使用标准刀刀片评估“咬力”属性。但是，评估纹理的经验方法通常受到样本中缺乏均匀性或均匀性的挑战。有时，要分析的样本可能是从一部分到一块的可变配置或结构。这项挑战要求进行一系列测试，以处理样本异质性的妥协，以提高获得可重复结果的机会。
通过测试更多的碎片或更宽的表面区域具有更多测试表面的平均效果，从而创建了一组代表性的碎片或表面的结果。一种Kramer Shear Cell is one such example where the maximum force to shear a chosen number/weight of pieces and area under the curve is (usually termed the ‘work of shear’) are recorded and taken as an indication of bulk firmness – a larger value indicating a firmer sample.
对纹理分析仪的典型切割测试模仿咬人或切割动作。图片来源：稳定的Micro Systems Ltd
如何测试培养的肉/鱼质地的示例 - 渗透测试
渗透测试很可能被认为是所有测试中最简单的确定性测试。由于探针表面积的大小是恒定的，因此通常意味着不需要仔细控制样本量。
纹理分析仪上的典型多重渗透测试模仿了现实生活中的食物相互作用。图片来源：稳定的Micro Systems Ltd
Despite the simplicity of penetration tests, when faced with a non-homogeneous product (which is common for meat products) penetration is highly compromised as a smaller surface area for measurement is also more sensitive to variations in sample structure and low reproducibility, and misleading data is obtained. Results may show a wide variance between maximum and minimum forces depending on whether the probe meets with, for example, internal structure variation such as is usually present in meat products.
在几个区域中渗透样品的多个穿刺探针的使用可产生平均效果，因此通常更可重复。使用几个测试引脚，附在Texture Analyser, manufacturers can test non-uniform products containing particulates of different sizes, shapes, structures, and levels of hardness, to provide repeatable results.
The Future of Food with Cell Cultured Foods
Traditional farming and agriculture methods are clearly not going away any time soon. In fact, if they did, the world would be in a whole lot of trouble. However, as the population continues to grow, and more emphasis is put on environmental sustainability, cell agriculture can help to fill that void. The pandemic also exposed the instability of worldwide supply chains, motivating countries to push for the production of their own food. The future of cell cultured foods looks bright, particularly in places where intensive farming is not possible. It will be an interesting market to watch over the next few years and quality control methods will need to be introduced for consumer acceptance. It’s only a matter of time before the legislation catches up with this technology to produce these products and it’s a race to get the best product in place at the start line!
Discover thetypical types of tests used in the meat and fish industryfor texture measurement
See how Meat & Fish Industry Leaders use Texture Analysis领先他们的竞争
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.
For more information on this source, please visit稳定的微型系统有限公司。