集成球是一个空心的球形腔，具有高度反射的白色涂层。例如，这些设备可用于测量灯或激光光的功率的总发光通量。
Integrating spheres are similar to cosine correctors or lenses-only optics. These devices require a connected and calibrated detector to work, for example, a spectroradiometer.
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Using an Integrating Sphere
When acquiring a measurement, the sample - in this instance, a light source - is placed in front of the sphere opening (2 π) to perform an irradiance measurement. It is also possible to set the sample inside the integrating sphere (4π) to capture the entire radiant flux.
In both of these measurement setups, light rays are bounced off the reflective coating several times to ensure homogeneous light distribution throughout the whole integrating sphere.
The Role of Baffles
挡板是重要的组成部分，因为进入集成球的光不应直接击中检测器或探测器从中收集直接反射率的球体内部的点。
障碍物用于大多数集成球体设计，但是它们可能会导致特定的不准确性，因为它们可以防止整合球达到完美的球形内部腔。因此，建议限制集成球体中安装的挡板和端口的数量。
Reflective Coatings
在为集成球体选择反射表面时，应考虑两个因素：反射率和耐用性。所有组件（包括挡板）必须涂有弥漫性和高度反射材料，以确保进入球体的每个波长都会适当地反射到球体。
在球体在肮脏或尘土飞扬的环境中或有大量光线的情况下，应选择更弹性，可洗的涂层。污垢和灰尘吸收光并影响特定波长的反射率，因此应尽可能避免这些波长。
集成球的使用
One of the most common applications of an integrating sphere is the measurement of total luminous flux from lightbulbs and lamps. For these applications, integrating sphere diameters can be as little as two centimeters or as large as two meters.
An integrating sphere’s optimum size is determined by the size of the light source, though larger spheres tend to offer improved uniformity due to their larger surface.
当与光谱仪结合使用时，集成球能够提供有关基本光谱参数（例如显性波长，色度和光谱功率分布）的数据。
An integrating sphere can be used to capture and incorporate laser beams and even divergent sources like laser diodes. It can be constructed to accommodate a wide range of incident angles over a large location with adverse effects on the detector signal.
这些设备还提供了一种与余弦校正器相似的方式测量辐照度的理想方法。正确设计时，集成球的输出光圈可以生成近乎完美的漫射量和兰伯特光源，与视角不同。
在这种情况下，光源将位于集成球（2-PI测量）之外。
Integrating spheres see frequent use in reflection and transmission measurements, particularly where there is a need to acquire accurate and detailed spectral information about materials, for example, the glass used in greenhouses and other horticultural applications.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Admesy.
有关此消息来源的更多信息，请访问Admesy。