电动汽车冷却系统和压力传感器的作用

电动汽车的受欢迎程度的上升和吸收不能简单地说出来。必须查看数据。国际清洁运输委员会（ICCT）在2017年进行的研究确定，全球年度电动汽车销售几乎以指数级增长。¹

Image credit: Merit Sensor Systems

到2020年底，超过1000万辆电动汽车正在全球航行。²

Electric vehiclesare appealing to buyers for many reasons: they produce fewer emissions, can be operated at significantly lower costs and offer improved long-term prospects compared to gasoline-fueled cars.^3–5

但是，长期以来，他们可以单一收费行驶的范围有限，这是让更多人转换为电动汽车的最大挑战之一。⁶但是，这个障碍正在稳步克服。

电池技术的增量改进正在上升，并且每次进步都会扩展最大电动汽车范围，这使电动汽车所有权成为未来一代驾驶员的更可行的选择。

The Importance of Cooling Systems in Electric Vehicles

但是，尝试提高电池容量的尝试可能会带来某些挑战。主要问题与冷却有关。电池充电和排放时会产生热量。因此，电池存储的能量越多，充电或排放的速度就越快，它会产生的热量就越多。

完全电动的车辆配备了一个冷却系统，该冷却系统可在车辆的电源和电池组中保持特定的温度限制。冷却系统的主要作用是确保电池温度保持在安全的操作范围内。

If the lithium-ion battery pack’s temperature in any given cell gets too hot, it can provoke a chain reaction known as thermal runaway, in which the complete battery pack experiences catastrophic exothermic decomposition.⁷

当然，防止过热和热失控是至关重要的。大多数电动汽车冷却系统旨在使电池组大部分时间保持其最佳工作温度。

通常，这意味着在15-35中的温度分布接近均匀的温度分布°C range.⁸如果允许温度在整个包装中明显变化或落在该特定范围之外，则充电时间和效率可能会受到负面影响，从而导致电池使用寿命的降低。

电动汽车冷却技术

电动汽车采用各种冷却技术来管理电源系统的温度：空气，鳍和液体冷却。

Fin cooling is a simple and economical passive cooling mechanism that has been demonstrated to be successful in the world of electronics.

有效地，建立功率密集型组件以散热鳍和脊而不是平坦的面部，从而提高了其表面积，从而提高了它们可以将热量散发到周围环境的速度。

但是，鳍在电动汽车中的应用有限，因为它们可以显着增加电力系统的重量。

Air cooling, the circulation of relatively cool air across the surface of a hot object, is another comparatively simple technology as it will cool it down more rapidly.

空气冷却通常具有成本效益，并且已用于某些电动汽车型号（包括日产叶的早期型号）。但是，该系统可能相对密集，而取决于空气冷却的汽车在炎热的天气中可能会遇到麻烦。⁸

Liquid cooling is the most efficient way of controlling the temperature of batteries and power systems in electric vehicles.

整个电力系统的管道液体冷却液有助于有效去除热量，虽然它相对昂贵且复杂，但它提供了对电动汽车中电子系统和电池组的更精确的温度控制。

As manufacturers are driving towards installing increasingly higher capacity battery packs in electric vehicles, the demands that these cooling systems must be able to cope with are also increasing.

随着充电速率和电池容量的增加，液体冷却系统变得越来越重要和复杂。^9,10当今电动汽车中的液体冷却系统可能需要将冷却系统细分为多个电路，并在电池冷却液和A/C系统制冷剂之间进行热交换。

压力传感器在电动汽车冷却系统中的作用

Pressure is a key parameter in an electric vehicle’s liquid cooling system. Pressure sensors are vital components both for feedback for cooling system regulation and optimization as well as being able to detect pressure loss that could suggest a leak.

随着液体冷却系统的复杂性的增长，对准确和强大的压力传感器的需求电动汽车冷却系统现在比以前任何时候都要大。

Merit Sensor Systems designs and manufactures a wide range of high-performance pressure sensors appropriate for demanding EV applications. The TR series sensors have been developed to offer precise pressure measurements in harsh media such as gases, oils and refrigerants.

TR系列压力传感器结合了一个密封的模具，该模具能够从背面进行压力测量，介质仅与陶瓷基板，玻璃和金锡共晶焊料接触。

TR series sensors also offer accurate, dependable and robust pressure sensing in complex EV fluid system applications while rated for temperatures from -40 °C至150°C。

Figure 1.Tr系列面部密封集成（Meritrek启动套件）进入金属/塑料外壳。图片来源：功绩传感器

TVC系列传感器have been optimized for measuring mid-to-high pressures in refrigerant gases up to 2,000 kPa.

Mounting the silicon die sensing element at the top of a ceramic pressure port means the TVC sensors have the capacity to measure backside pressure while separating the media from internal electronics, offering reliable and robust pressure (burst pressure 5x) measurements over a prolonged service life, even in harsh media.

Figure 2.TVC系列易于集成在金属/塑料外壳中，带有径向密封（O形圈）。图片来源：功绩传感器

通过简单的密封和电气连接，TR和TVC系列压力传感器已被设计为无缝集成到复杂的流体系统管道中，并且由于可靠的面部和径向密封而导致快速连接器。

要发现更多信息，请联系绩效传感器系统，并找出其压力传感器如何在EV系统中提供一系列无与伦比的优势。

参考

1. Lutsey, N. & Nicholas, M.Update on electric vehicle costs in the United States through 2030。(2019).
2. 全球EV Outlook 2021 - 分析。IEAhttps://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2021。
3. 电动汽车的绿色如何？|环境|守护者。
4. 电动汽车的运行成本：购买和运行电动汽车的成本是多少OVO能量。https://www.ovoenergy.com/guides/energy-guides/how-much-does-it-cost-cost-cost-to-charge-and-run-an-lectric-car.html,https://www.ovoenergy.com/guides/energy-guides/how-much-does-it-cost-cost-cost-to-charge-and-run-an-lectric-car.html。
5. How long before we run out of fossil fuels?Our World in Datahttps://ourworldindata.org/how-long-be be-be-be-we-we-un-of-of-fossil-fuels。
6. The real barriers to electric vehicle adoption.麻省理工学院https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/real-barriers-to-electric-ectric-vehicle-adoption。
7. Feng，X.，Ren，D.，He，X。＆Ouyang，M。减轻锂离子电池的热失控。焦耳4，743–770（2020）。
8. Chen，D.，Jiang，J.，Kim，G.-H.，Yang，C。＆Pesaran，A。锂离子电池电池不同冷却方法的比较。应用的热工程94, 846–854 (2016).

10. Design of Direct and Indirect Liquid Cooling Systems for High-Capacity, High-Power Lithium-Ion Battery Packs on JSTOR.https://www.jstor.org/stable/26169002。

此信息已从MERIT传感器提供的材料中采购，审查和调整。欧洲杯足球竞彩

有关此消息来源的更多信息，请访问Merit Sensor。