The analysis of organic chloride in crude oil using MEDXRF (Monochromatic EDXRF) provides superior performance for ASTM D4929 Part C and complies with other ASTM, EPA, and International requirements that are critical to the petroleum industry.
原油中的氯化物在开裂过程中以及管道中的中途促进炼油厂的管道腐蚀。Organic chlorides在原油中自然不会发生;然而,来自各种天然来源的盐和痕量的残留有机氯的形式的无机氯化物可以有助于总氯含量。
Inorganic chlorides can be removed from crude oil through a wash process; however, low levels of organic chlorides may remain.
管道上的合同可能包含条款,以限制原油中允许的有机氯化物的量。此外,在炼油厂,在脱盐和脱硫化后,需要对可能仍在原料中夹带的任何残留有机氯化物进行分析,以避免在精炼过程中造成潜在的损害。
因此,在石油行业中,对低水平和微量氯的可靠度量的需求至关重要。为了满足这一至关重要的需求,Rigaku提供了NEX CG IImonochromatic EDXRF using Cartesian Geometry and polarization.
图片来源:Rigaku Corporation
仪器
Model: Rigaku NEX CG II
X射线管:50 W PD-ANODE
激发:间接用极化单色EDXRF
Detector: Large-area SDD
Analysis time: 300 seconds
Environment: Helium purge
胶片:聚丙烯4μm
样品制备
ASTM D4929设计用于测量原油中残留的有机氯化物。首先通过洗涤和蒸馏制备原油样品以除去H2S和无机氯化物。洗涤和蒸馏过程后,使用C部分方法分析了XRF的氯含量。
Naphtha馏分通常是稳定的,含有小于1000μg/g的S. XRF校准是使用矿物油校准标准进行的,作为矿物油模型NAPHTHA,用于X射线响应。
要准备用于XRF分析的样品,只需将4.0 g样品放入标准的32 mm XRF样品杯中,然后直接测量。
Calibration
As per D4929 Part C, empirical calibration was made using commercially available mineral oil standards. For optimum calibration, the standards contain both sulfur and chlorine, with sulfur content ranging from 100 to 1000 μg/g. Alpha corrections are automatically employed to compensate for sulfur’s effect on chlorine X-Rays.
Table 1.Source: Rigaku Corporation
图片来源:Rigaku Corporation
精确
为了证明测量的恢复,精度和可重复性,选择了一些校准标准,结果如下所示。ASTM可重复性r =2.77σ。
Table 2.Source: Rigaku Corporation
检测极限
The empirical method is used to determine detection limits using a 300-second measurement time. Ten repeat analyses of a blank mineral sample are taken with the sample in a static position and the standard deviation (σ) is determined. The lower limit of detection (LLD) is then defined as three times the standard deviation (3 σ).
表3。Source: Rigaku Corporation
所示的LLD是典型的,并且可能取决于所使用的测量时间以及所测试样品的总元素组成。
Conclusion
NEX CG IIusing 90° Cartesian Geometry polarization monochromatic EDXRF gives superior performance for the measurement of organic chloride in crude oil as per ASTM D4929 Part C.
NEX CG II还符合许多其他ASTM方法和EPA对石油行业的关键测量的要求,这使其成为用于测量硫和超低硫的多合一分析仪的绝佳选择。和润滑油。
此信息已从Rigaku Corporation提供的材料中采购,审查和改编。欧洲杯足球竞彩
有关此消息来源的更多信息,请访问Rigaku Corporation。