由于发现降低了骨水泥的粘度，因此修复骨骼的裂缝和孔的孔可能会变得容易得多。通过使用柠檬酸钠作为液化，可以将磷酸临床钙从类似牙膏样的稠度中改变为随着时间而变稠的奶油液体。这意味着可以添加更多的水泥粉，从而减少水含量，从而使水泥更强。该水泥的另一个优点在于它的易于交付，因为可以通过针头传递粘性水泥，从而可以进入以前无法接近的区域。 Cement Liquefiers水泥液化器在土木工程应用中很常见，但是使用柠檬酸钠作为临床水泥的液化剂是新颖和无毒的，它解决了生物材料的基本挑战 - 从有限的可接受材料和化学物质和化学物质中获得新的特性。欧洲杯足球竞彩 为了说明由此产生的材料的实力，其开发人员杰克·巴拉莱特（Jake Barralet）博士和利亚姆·格罗弗（Liam Grover）在英国伯明翰牙科学校的杰克·巴拉莱特（Jake Barralet）和利亚姆·格罗弗直径仅为6mm。它很容易支持他们。 柠檬酸钠的效果注射性Barralet’s team started work on this development around 12 months ago armed with the knowledge that citric acid was used already in low concentrations as a retardant in apatite cements. ‘It has been claimed by previous researchers that this improves injectability - but these authors were referring to ejection from a 2mm diameter nozzle, not a 800 micron hypodermic needle. This is an important distinction to make because the ejection pressure is related to the fourth power of (1/diameter), so reducing the diameter by 2.5 times, as we did, would increase the pressure required to eject it by around 40 times. In fact it couldn’t be done and the needle kept getting blocked as at that pressure the liquid and solid in the cement separate, so the needle acts as a quick blocking filter,’ says Barralet. The Effect of Reducing Pore Size
Barralet的溶液依赖于使用柠檬酸丁酸三钠或柠檬酸降低磷酸钙孔径的优雅简单方法。柠檬酸柠檬酸盐通过静电相互排斥降低了螺旋的力，从而可以减少样品中孔的量 - 意味着颗粒的密集堆积和更强的材料。欧洲杯猜球平台到目前为止，结果表明，以这种方式修饰磷酸钙的钙比与水混合的水泥更强400％。柠檬酸三钠和柠檬酸的结果分别给出153MPa和116mPa的压缩应力（使用50MPa的压实压力），这显示出在100MPA标记附近具有压缩应力的理想替代皮质骨。 ‘Our finding was that sodium citrate was required for apatite cements, and that much higher concentrations of up to 0.5 molar were needed than had been used before. Citric acid and not sodium citrate is needed to get this effect in brushite cements.’ Applications椎骨成形术One area that this modified cement could open up is in vertebroplasty which would need injectable material forming into a high strength composite to withstand the compressive forces of the spinal vertebrae. Other ApplicationsOther areas that could benefit from cement with increased strength and lower viscosity include: •Craniofacial distraction - the team is working with researchers at Birmingham Children’s Hospital at expanding applications in this field that works to correct disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea •Anchor points - cortical bone screws can be held in the cement so it could be used to create surgical anchor points •固定 - 由于水泥足够坚固，可以与固定硬件结合使用。 •最小的侵入性程序 - 可注射的配方可用于简化诸如窦地层等过程 •Pre-sets - such as a porous block made without sintering. Drugs could also be incorporated. Summary‘Being non-toxic, alpha hydroxy acid and salts may find other applications in stabilising mixtures such as slurries and liquefying pastes ceramics and cement industries,’ says Barralet. The team is now researching other applications and looking for a licensing partner and / or funds to proceed towards clinical trials. |