用于创建现代塑料材料的大多数聚合过程都需要含有铝，钛或锌等元素的催化物质。欧洲杯足球竞彩然而，必须最大程度地减少成品中催化剂的存在，以保持其理想的特性。除催化剂外，在生产过程中还使用了许多其他电荷和添加剂 - 增塑剂，润滑剂，稳定剂，中酸盐，中酸盐，抗氧化剂，颜料。这些产品包含元素，例如镁（MG），铁（Fe），铝（Al），磷（P），氯（Cl），钙（CA），铬（CR）或钛（Ti）。
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It is therefore essential to conduct elemental analyses on the finished polymer to optimize the control over the process. Plastics are generally electrical insulators, acid-resistant and hence difficult to put into solution. This makes X-ray fluorescence the best method to obtain rapid and precise analyses for all the elements of the periodic table, starting from elements of atomic number Z as low as boron (Z = 5).
Instrument
对一系列聚丙烯（PP）标准样品进行了测试，以确定Thermo Scientific ARL Perform'X系列光谱仪（图1）用于分析聚合物中的微量元素。
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图1。Thermo Scientific ARL PERFORM’X series.
Results
在ARL Perform'X系列through optimized coupling between X-ray tube and sample, as well as with the high-power tube and generator. This allows high-sensitivity and lower limits of detection. The comprehensive analytical configuration enables better analysis across the periodic table. Operating the system is extremely simple thanks to the state-of-the art Thermo Scientific OXSAS software and its Analytical Assistant.
Chemical analyses were offered and used for the calibration of the instrument. Table 1 shows the limits of detection achieved for various elements together with the measurement conditions.
Table 1.元素和分析条件
| ELEMENT |
4200 W（3 Sigma）[ppm] |
2500 W（3 Sigma）[ppm] |
| Mg |
0.77 |
1。00 |
| al |
0.21 |
0.27 |
| p |
0.12 |
0.19 |
| Cl |
0.27 |
0.35 |
| CA |
0.13 |
0.16 |
| ti |
0.09 |
0.12 |
| cr |
0.10 |
0.13 |
| Fe |
0.06 |
0.08 |
在聚合物样品上的痕量元素的精密测试在4200 W上进行。该分析是通过运行样本进行十项连续研究的，计数时间为每元素20秒。结果总结在表2和表3中。
Table 2.Repeatability for trace analysis in polymers.
| 跑步 |
al[PPM] |
CA [PPM] |
Ce [PPM] |
| 1 |
71.3 |
104.4 |
24。2 |
| 2 |
72。0 |
104.2 |
24。0 |
| 3 |
71.6 |
104.1 |
23。0 |
| 4 |
71.5 |
105.1 |
23。5 |
| 5 |
72。5 |
104.9 |
23。2 |
| 6 |
73。5 |
105.2 |
23。7 |
| 7 |
72。7 |
105.6 |
23。6 |
| 8 |
73。4 |
105.8 |
22.4 |
| Avg. |
72。3 |
104.9 |
23。5 |
| SD |
1。4 |
1。0 |
1。3 |
表3。聚合物中痕量分析的重复性（4200 W）。
| 跑步 |
Fe [ppm] |
Mg [PPM] |
ti[PPM] |
p[PPM] |
| 1 |
11。4 |
60.1 |
2。1 |
15。6 |
| 2 |
11。6 |
59.9 |
2。0 |
15。6 |
| 3 |
11。6 |
60.8 |
2。0 |
15。6 |
| 4 |
11。4 |
60.6 |
2。1 |
15。7 |
| 5 |
11。6 |
61。3 |
2。0 |
15。6 |
| 6 |
11。4 |
61。5 |
2。0 |
15。9 |
| 7 |
11。6 |
61。7 |
2。2 |
16。1 |
| 8 |
11。6 |
60.5 |
2。1 |
16。2 |
| Avg. |
11。5 |
60.8 |
2。0 |
15。8 |
| SD |
0.1 |
0.28 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
Conclusion
Analysis of these elements at low concentration levels require high sensitivity and accuracy. These results show that theARL Perform'X系列适用于在聚合物样品中检测Mg，Al，P，Cl，Fe，Ca和Ti的高精度结果。其他元素本来可以被同样鉴定出来，但在用于该测试的标准样本中不存在。由于最佳的电源管理，ARL Perform'X光谱仪可以在2500 W处运行，而无需外部水冷却。因此，在这些情况下，不需要自来水，也不需要水冷却器。在较高的功率水平（4.2 kW）下，由于X射线管功率的智能管理，获得了X射线管的节能和减轻压力。此外，Windows 7下的最先进的OXSA分析软件提供了详细的功能和易用性。
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific - Elemental Analyzers.
For more information on this source, please visitThermo Fisher Scientific-元素分析仪。