Updated by Reginald Davey 13/01/23
This article will explore tungsten hot work steel, an alloyed tool steel variant used in industrial applications that require steels that can be reliably worked at elevated temperatures.
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Overview
Tungsten has one of the highest melting points of all the metallic elements, with a density close to gold (19.3 g / cm3。）钨也是非常困难的，碳化钨的硬度接近钻石。
由于其有利的特性，钨提高了钢的硬度，强度和耐磨性，其中包括钨 - 果胶磁性钢和钨钢在内。钨热量钢是工业上重要的合金，非常适合必须承受480-760中高温的应用oC（900-1,400of）范围。
Tungsten hot-work steels are of different types, namely, H21 to H26 types. These steels have similar characteristics to that of high-speed steels. The primary alloying elements of tungsten hot-work steels include tungsten, chromium, carbon, and vanadium. The high alloy content enhances the steel’s heat resistance. Scaling can be reduced in these steel alloys by quenching them in hot salt or oil.
Tungsten hot-work steels are resistant to distortion when they are air-hardened and have a higher hardening temperature when compared to that of chromium hot-work steels. Breakage of tungsten hot-work steels can be reduced if they are preheated to operating temperature before use.
Thermal shock resistance and toughness of these steels can be improved by reducing the carbon content. However, to achieve this, the tungsten and vanadium content must also be adjusted as these alloying elements reduce the steel’s hardenability. This is due to too much carbon being trapped in carbides.
Applications
Tungsten热工作钢用于生产工具，包括钢和镍合金和黄铜的拳，曼德尔和挤压模具。它们可用于在极端条件下需要明显耐磨损的应用，在高达540的温度下耐磨损oC（1,000oF。）
然而，与铬热钢相反，由于钨含量高，钨热量钢不适合在服务中冷却。
Tungsten Hot Work Steels Vs Cold Work Steels
钨热量钢与冷工作钢相似，但主要区别是它们所使用的温度。冷工作钢用于应用于在200以下的温度下保持工具的应用oC。Cold work steels are typically high carbon-content alloys.
常见的冷工作钢类型包括油化的低合金级钢，中型钢和高碳纤维高碳钢等级。冷工作钢通常用于滚筒，塑料铸件，车床，小腿，滚动模具，仪表，仪表和空白模具等应用。
组成和特性
以下数据表将提供H23 Tungsten热工作工具钢的详细信息。
| 元素 |
内容 （％） |
| C |
0.25-0.35 |
| Mn |
0.15-0.40 |
| si |
0.15-0.60 |
| cr |
11。00-12.75 |
| Ni |
0.3 |
| w |
11。00-12.75 |
| v |
0.75-1.25 |
| 铜 |
0.25 |
| p |
0.03 |
| s |
0.03 |
physical Properties
The physical properties of H23 tool steels are outlined in the following table.
| 特性 |
Conditions |
| T (°C) |
Treatment |
| Density |
7.7-8.03 x 1000 kg/m3 |
25 |
- |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of H23 tool steels are tabulated below.
| 特性 |
Conditions |
| T (°C) |
Treatment |
| 泊松比 |
0.27-0.30 |
25 |
- |
| 弹性模量 |
27557-30458 KSI |
25 |
- |
Other Designations
其他等同于AISI H23 Tungsten热工作工具钢的名称包括：
- ASTM A681
- UNS T20823
- DIN 1.2625
- FED QQ-T-570