电力和电子废物的欧盟政策

电和电子废物是来自大量产品的废物。它们包括小型和大型家用电器,IT和电信设备,照明设备以及消费品,例如收音机,电视机,摄像机和Hi-Fi系统。2020欧洲杯下注官网该设备由许2020欧洲杯下注官网多不同的材料和组件组成,其中一些是危险的。欧洲杯足球竞彩这就是为什么电气和电子废物在废物管理阶段(尤其是垃圾填埋场和焚化)中可能引起重大环境问题的原因,如果没有得到适当的处理。

实际上,每台电气和电子设备都由几个基本构件组成,例如电路板/组件,电缆,绳索和电线,含有阻燃剂的塑2020欧洲杯下注官网料,汞开关,显示设备,例如阴极射线管和晶体,液体显示器,蓄能器和电池,发光设备,电容器等。

这些成分中的环境问题包括某些重金属(汞,铅,镉和铬)以及卤代物质(CFC,PCB,PVC和溴化阻燃剂)。这些物质中的许多可能是有毒的,并且在释放时可能会对人类健康构成风险。例如,铅会损害神经系统,并可能对心血管系统和肾脏产生不利影响。镉还会影响肾脏的功能,并可能导致脑部损伤。

到目前为止,超过90%的电气和电子废物在没有任何预处理的情况下被填充,焚化或回收,这意味着污染物可以被释放到环境中并污染空气,水和土壤。

Key data on electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) from 1998 showed a generation of 14 kg per inhabitant and year - in total, around 6 million tonnes per year (4% of the municipal waste stream). WEEE was estimated to be growing at 3-5% per year, which makes it the fastest growing waste stream, growing three times faster than the average waste stream. Today, citizens are likely to generate between 17 and 20 kg per head and year.

The EU has adopted two Directives that tackle the problems posed by electrical and electronic waste.

The Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE Directive) aims to prevent the generation of electrical and electronic waste and to promote reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the quantity of such waste to be eliminated through landfilling or incineration. It therefore requires the collection of WEEE, recovery and reuse/recycling. Where appropriate, priority should be given to reuse of the whole appliance .

关于限制电气和电子设备中某些危险物质(ROHS指令)的指令,旨在替代铅,汞,镉,六价铬,六价铬,多溴化的二苯基(PBB)和多溴化的二苯基乙醇设备(PBDE)(PBDE)(PBDE)2020欧洲杯下注官网在有替代方案的情况下,为了促进声音恢复并在废物管理阶段预防问题。(欧盟还有其他有关CFC,PCB和PVC的立法。)

http://europa.eu.int/

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