May 4 2015
来自华盛顿大学牛津大学已经确定了钙钛矿中效率低下的地区，并表明可以设计这些缺陷以进一步改善太阳能设备。
化学处理后，用于电子设备应用的钙钛矿材料的质量改善了“黑暗”欧洲杯足球竞彩区域。（信用。华盛顿大学）
被认为具有不变成分的钙钛矿是太阳能研究的关键利益。与基于硅的半导体相比，这些材料在更有效，经济上将太阳能转化为电力。欧洲杯足球竞彩
These superefficient materials have increasingly gained the interest of the scientific community in recent times owing to their ability to be processed inexpensively and their widespread applications, from solar cells to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in computer monitors and phones.
“Perovskites are the fastest-growing class of photovoltaic material over the past four years,”said lead author Dane deQuilettes, a UW doctoral student working with David Ginger, professor of chemistry and associate director of the UW Clean Energy Institute.
“在短时间内，这些材料直接将阳光转化为电能的能力正在接近当今基于硅的太阳能电池的能力，这与开发了50年的欧洲杯足球竞彩技术相媲美。但是我们也怀疑有改进的空间，”Dequilettes说。
研究人员使用高功率的成像技术确定了限制电荷运动的钙钛矿膜中的缺陷，进而又依次是设备的效率。钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率目前约为20％，而基于硅的太阳能电池的效率约为25％。
To investigate the semiconductor technology, the team, in association with the Clean Energy Institute, employed the confocal optical microscopy technique that is widely used in biology. The researchers identified “dark” or poorly performing regions at the crystal intersections of the perovskite material by correlating the fluorescent images with electron microscopy images. They also observed that a simple chemical treatment could “turn on” some of these inefficient regions.
Ginger，Alvin L.和Verla R. Kwiram赋予了化学教授和华盛顿研究基金会杰出学者，他指出，这些图像提供了一些令人兴奋的结果，可以提高材料的效率，稳定性和均匀性。欧洲杯足球竞彩
“令人惊讶的是，这个结果表明，即使是所谓的好或高效的钙钛矿电影，与其可能相比，仍然是'坏'。这为未来的研究人员提供了一个明确的目标，以改善和发展材料，”欧洲杯足球竞彩姜说。
Ginger went on to say that the UW team's imaging technique can easily locate unexposed defects in perovskite materials and the corresponding regions where the composition can be chemically modified for performance improvement.
According to deQuilettes, a Clean Energy Institute graduate fellow who led the project, a number of laboratories worldwide are currently focusing on the perovskite's semiconducting properties. However, more work needs to be carried out to develop an understanding of how to consistently produce a stable material with uniform brightness and the ability to withstand moisture without deteriorating.
UW研究提供了不同的方法，可以战略性地确定改善材料的性能并将材料的应用扩展到包括激光在内的高性能LED的方法。
“There are so many of us focusing on perovskites, so hopefully this technique will offer some new direction and steer us toward the places we can look to optimize their energy-capturing and emitting potential,”Dequilettes说。
Samuel D. Stranks，Giles E. Eperon和Henry J. Snaith在牛津和Sarah M. Vorpahl，Hirokazu Nagaoka和UW的Mark E. Ziffer是研究的共同作者。
该研究由华盛顿州清洁能源研究所资助。
研究结果已发表在《科学杂志》上。欧洲杯线上买球