“心血管疾病”一词是指影响心血管系统的任何疾病。它经常与动脉或动脉粥样硬化的脂肪斑块以及血凝块风险升高有关。心血管疾病是世界死亡率的主要原因，占欧洲所有死亡人数的45％（400万人）。血浆处理的钛支架可以根据这种心血管疾病有所作为GydF4y2Ba国际分子科学杂志欧洲杯线上买球GydF4y2Ba。GydF4y2Ba
Study:Bio-Performance of Hydrothermally and Plasma-Treated Titanium: The New Generation of Vascular Stents。图片来源：Floris Slooff/Shutterstock.comGydF4y2Ba
通过更换钛表面的CVD的新处理GydF4y2Ba
欧盟中有超过6000万人患有心血管疾病，每年被诊断出1300万例新病例。SARS-COV-2感染通过引起心脏损伤，心律不齐，心力衰竭和肺栓塞等心脏并发症来加剧心血管疾病的菌株。针对CVD患者最广泛接受的治疗是吸毒支架（DES）的整合。GydF4y2Ba
Although DESs have shown to be better compared to bare-metal stents (BMSs) in terms of reducing neointimal hyperplasia, the first development of these devices also showed postponed endothelization as well as a higher likelihood of late stent thrombosis.
SEM和AFM图像：（GydF4y2BaAGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BabGydF4y2Ba）未处理的ti箔（TI）和（GydF4y2BaCGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BadGydF4y2Ba）Hydrothermally treated Ti (Ti HT), respectively. Image Credit: Bencina, M., et al., International Journal of Molecular Science
各种方法可用于纳米结构化金属表面。这样的涂层可以改变表面的理化特征，例如形状，粗糙度，润湿性和表面化学，从而影响生物学材料与其相互作用的方式。研究了经过水液和血浆处理的TI表面的生物学行为。GydF4y2Ba
根据发现，水热处理可以在Ti上产生同质纳米结构的外表面。血浆处理后的表面形态或质地没有改变，但是在所有血浆处理的表面上，氧气升高。GydF4y2Ba
SEM图像（GydF4y2BaAGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BabGydF4y2Ba）ti箔片（（GydF4y2BaCGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BadGydF4y2Ba）用血浆处理（Ti + p）处理的Ti箔（（GydF4y2BaeGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BaFGydF4y2Ba）热液处理的Ti箔（Ti ht）和（GydF4y2BaGGydF4y2Ba，，，，GydF4y2BaHGydF4y2Ba）与全血孵育后，水热/血浆处理的Ti箔（Ti HT + P）。图片来源：Bencina，M。等，《国际分子科学杂志》欧洲杯线上买球GydF4y2Ba
纳米结构氧化钛表面的过程GydF4y2Ba
由于表面被氧化并消除了被活性氧污染的碳，因此在血浆处理的和非血浆处理的样品中可以看到元素组成的主要差异，氧气升高和碳减少。GydF4y2Ba
The changing physicochemical features of the Ti surface, especially shape, surface wettability, roughness, and chemical composition, have been found to impact the bio-performance of a material. The development of a nanostructured titanium oxide surface was achieved using a mixture of hydrothermal treatment and treatment with strongly active oxygen species (oxygen plasma therapy). Nanotopography has indeed been found to have an impact on blood platelet interaction.
The surfaces with the highest performance were nanostructured (TiO2GydF4y2Bananotubes) and treated with oxygen plasma. The presence of more oxygen on the material surface was shown to increase their hemocompatibility.
The future era of biodegradable polymer-coated stents was created to address the difficulties in CVD, particularly the prolonged inflammation of the artery wall produced by the presence of medications. Despite encouraging results in trials, late stent thrombus and dual antiplatelet medication were unavoidable.
最近生产了可生物降解的血管支架或脚手架（BR），现在在市场上可用。这些结构不是永久的，其主要好处是它们在容器中提供临时机械支撑，这有助于避免再狭窄和血管后坐力。GydF4y2Ba
Metal-based medical devices that come into contact with the bloodstream, such as vascular implants, nevertheless lack the required biocompatibility. Despite extensive study and significant advancements in metal surface alteration, metallic blood wired connections nevertheless pose a danger of surface-induced thrombosis and, as such, asrestenosis.
支架插入后最大的临床风险是高血小板粘附和激活，与支架血栓形成有关。血小板立即粘在损伤部位，该部位经常进行支架操作，并开始形成塞子和血液凝结，从而导致动脉阻塞。GydF4y2Ba
SMC on the surface of (AGydF4y2Ba）ti箔片（（GydF4y2BabGydF4y2Ba）plasma-treated Ti foil (Ti + P), (CGydF4y2Ba）热液处理的Ti箔（Ti ht）和（GydF4y2BadGydF4y2Ba）通过免疫荧光显微镜确定的水热/血浆处理的Ti箔（Ti HT + P）。F-肌动蛋白以绿色（荧光素腓罗抑制素）的形式显示。用DAPI（蓝色）可视化细胞核。比例尺= 25 µm。图片来源：Bencina，M。等，《国际分子科学杂志》欧洲杯线上买球GydF4y2Ba
钛基板的影响GydF4y2Ba
The effects of the Ti substrate's changed surface characteristics on interactions with coagulation factors and vascular cells are positive. The combination of nanostructurization and Titanium non-thermal plasma treatment resulted in a surface with improved morphological and chemical characteristics, making it ideal for use as vascular stents.
金属表面已使用活性氧和水热物种处理（非热氧血浆）的混合物进行了更改。使用这种方法，可以在金属底物的表面形成具有氧气浓度升高的纳米结构氧化钛层。GydF4y2Ba
人们认为，与未经处理的TI箔相比，这种表面将在较小程度上引起不良的血栓形成。不促进血小板聚集的表面对于医疗设备而言至关重要，因为这种表面上血栓形成的风险降低了。证明在材料表面上存在更多的氧气会增加其血流相容性。GydF4y2Ba
References
Bencina，M。等。2021.水热和血浆处理的钛的生物性能：新一代血管支架。出版：2021年11月1日。GydF4y2Bahttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11858GydF4y2Ba
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