All-solid-state batteries have recently attracted attention as an energy storage solution for electric vehicles. However, challenges still exist with these devices including short-circuiting and complicated strategies to control non-uniform lithium growth. To overcome these issues, a paper published in高级科学欧洲杯线上买球已经提出了通过卷压制造的新的AG-LI合金阳极。
学习：In Situ Formed Ag-Li Intermetallic Layer for Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries。Image Credit: Eakasit/Shutterstock.com
All-Solid-State Batteries: Powering the Electric Car Revolution
As the automotive industry turns toward electric power to move away from its reliance on fossil fuels, the question of battery reliability and efficiency is central to research and development. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage devices in electric vehicles.
一种）Experimental scheme for preparing Ag-Li alloy foil.b)Cross-sectional SEM images of the (upper) pristine Ag and (bottom) thick Li foils with corresponding digital photographs. Cross-sectional SEM images and digital photographs of thec)as-prepared Ag-TLi andd)老化的Ag-Tli及其相应的EDS氧和银元素映射。（d）中还显示了老化Ag-TLI的Ag和Li侧的顶级SEM图像。e)Ag 3d XPS spectra of the pristine Ag and Li sides of the as-prepared and aged Ag-TLi.f)SEM图像（插图）中显示的老化AG-TLI的XRD模式。图片来源：Choi，H.J等人，高级科学欧洲杯线上买球
These sulfide-based batteries contain solidified components that are nonflammable, and the main advantage of them is that they permit the inclusion of metallic lithium as anodes. The ASSBs achieve better energy density compared to liquid-electrolyte batteries due to the solid lithium anodes. The solid electrolytes physically prevent lithium protrusion because of a higher shear modulus than liquid electrolytes.
当前对固态电池的缺点
However, ASSBs are not without their issues. Despite the enhanced physical properties, short-circuiting caused by uncontrollable lithium growth in the batteries is a problem that current research has not adequately addressed. This lithium growth occurs because metallic lithium seeds form at the Li/SSE interfaces which possess interfacial voids which attract additional lithium ions which are deposited during subsequent charge cycles.
锂离子的积累以这种方式导致固体电解质内的体积变化，这不可避免地导致应力裂纹。研究表明，一旦发生裂缝，锂丝生长将导致短路，严重阻碍电池的性能并缩短其寿命。
Additionally, manufacturing processes for solid-state batteries are complex, limiting their widespread adoption by the automotive industry. This seriously impedes the commercial viability of the technology.
Improving ASSBs
为了克服这个关键的短路问题，最近的研究提出了各种方法。一些研究探索了保护层的使用，例如人造固态相互重点。但是，到目前为止，这些方法已经显示出各种局限性。它们在减少设备中的死亡体积，难以形成无缺陷的固体电解质层以及简化制造方法面临问题上存在问题。
广告）Schematic illustrations showing view direction and detection points. XRM images of the NCM/Li and NCM/Ag-Li cells at the pristine state and after 30 cycles:b,c,e-f)横截面视图和g,h)top-view images at the designated points shown in (a) and (d). S 2p XPS spectra of thei)原始LPSCL，j)LPSCl in contact with Li, andk）30个周期后，LPSCL与AG-LI接触。L）Li/Li和Ag-Li/Ag-Li对称细胞的电压轮廓在0.5 mA cm处–2with a fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm–2。图片来源：Choi，H.J等人，高级科学欧洲杯线上买球
与纯锂相比，大多数研究都使用锂 - 印度合金作为阳极材料作为固态电池的阳极材料和较高的界面稳定性。欧洲杯足球竞彩但是，由于抑制具有比锂更高的工作电压，这种合金仍然很难在高密度ASBS中实施（假设两者的容量是相同的。- 无效的结构，并且易于制造是研究人员的核心问题。
A recent concept that has been widely introduced to control the grown of dendrites in liquid lithium electrode batteries islipophilicity.固体缓冲层的形成抑制液体中的树突形成。银，金和锌具有亲脂性特性，并因其控制锂生长方向的能力而受到研究，从而改善了包括它们在内的锂结构的电化学性能。
Based on this solid solution process, anode-free ASSBs that incorporate silver and pinhole-free solid electrolytes have been explored. These solid-state devices have improved cycling performance and exhibit reversible lithium plating/stripping processes. However, additional fabrication processes need to be employed to make these ASSBs.
Developing a Superior Lithiophilic Ag/Li ASSB Anode
To address these shortcomings, the research in高级科学欧洲杯线上买球has presented a novel ASSB with a silver-lithium anode fabricated with a simple, scalable roll pressing process.
The anode contains an in situ formed intermediate silver-lithium layer formed from silver and lithium foils. This formed a stable interface at the solid-state battery’s anode side. The intermediate layer contained a considerable amount of silver, which, due to its lipophilic properties, suppressed lithium dendrite growth and enhanced the formation of the stable interface with the sulfide solid electrolytes.
横截面低（上排）和高（底行）放大的SEM图像广告）LPSCl/Li andE – H）NCM细胞的LPSCL/AG-LI接口与Li Metal和Ag-Li合金阳极在原始状态以及20和50周期后。图片来源：Choi，H.J等人，高级科学欧洲杯线上买球
Additionally, uneven lithium dendrite growth was further controlled by the silver that did not form the intermediate layer by participating in the solid solution reaction. The results of the study demonstrated attractive properties of this novel anode. Capacity retention was improved, at 94.3% over 140 battery cycles. Additionally, even under harsh conditions, stable cycling was achieved, circumventing the short-circuit issue in cells that use metallic lithium.
The Future
The research presented in高级科学欧洲杯线上买球引入了一种可用于固态电池的新型稳定的银锂合金阳极原位via a simple, scalable fabrication process. The solid, functional interface layer in the anode prevents lithium protrusion during cycling, vastly improving the life cycle of the battery and reducing the risk of short-circuiting, improving the performance and commercial viability of sulfide-based ASSBs.
Further Reading
Choi, H.J et al. (2021)In Situ Formed Ag-Li Intermetallic Layer for Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries[在线的]高级科学欧洲杯线上买球| onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Available at:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.202103826
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of theTerms and conditionsof use of this website.