It has been predicted that the amount of lithium produced between 2015 and 2019 will need to double between 2025 and 2030 to meet electric vehicle demand. A new review presented in the欧洲杯足球竞彩材料程序由于一系列不同的因素和流程，Journal探索了如何在魁北克地区解决这些需求。
学习：魁北克锂开采的观点，将整合到当地电池生产链中的潜在和优势。图片来源：aanbetta/shutterstock.com
2020年，这条道路上的全球电动汽车数量达到1000万，比2019年的数字增长了43％。据报道，电池电动汽车在2020年占新电动汽车注册的三分之二和三分之二的活动库存。
除私人汽车外，电动汽车还成为货物运输，公共交通甚至地下采矿设备的应用越来越可行的选择。2020欧洲杯下注官网
电动汽车的越来越流行和普及导致对锂离子电池中使用的碳酸盐的需求从未出现。随着电动汽车的可及性和适用性的不断发展和扩展，需求继续增加。
长期以来，锂离子电池一直被认为是用于电动汽车应用的理想候选者，因为它们的高能量密度，低自我放电，低维护和（最近）它们的负担能力。
One of the main challenges to the application and commercialization of lithium-ion batteries stems from the fact that lithium does not naturally exist in its metallic form. Rather, this is found in oxidized deposits including brines, seawater, minerals, and sedimentary rocks.
锂的商业来源倾向于基于盐水沉积物或pegmatites（硬岩锂矿物质）。
In order to access pegmatite ores, it is typically necessary to mine and process these using standard drilling and blasting approaches before transporting these to a central processing facility. Once at the processing facility, multiple stages of crushing and grinding are used to liberate the minerals from gangue, often via dense media separation.
为了从盐水沉积物中提取锂，必须将天然发生的溶液泵入池塘中，以使太阳蒸发发生。该过程通过在沉淀产物之前将其通过一系列增加浓度的池塘移动到溶解的锂盐中。
Figure 1.CAPEX和OPEX在分析的锂矿业项目中的矿井中（红色条代表了资本支出和OPEX的总和）。
最近，传统的pegmatite项目被认为是历史上更具成本效益的盐水采购方法的经济上可行的替代品。这在加拿大魁北克省特别值得注意，魁北克省是该国一些最重要的基于pegmatite的锂矿物储量的所在地。
Quebec’s existing mining ecosystem offers the potential to integrate lithium production into an entirely local added value chain, but this potential is currently hindered by technical and technological challenges.
In order to explore this potential and its related barriers, the paper’s authors opted to analyze the province’s battery production capacity and linked greenhouse gas emissions, comparing projected economic factors for local Quebec-based pegmatite projects with brine projects in other countries to evaluate whether or not these could be equally as viable.
作者强调，他们的主要目标是确定魁北克锂开采的经济潜力和其他优势，以期将该工艺的最终产品集成到专门针对电动汽车市场的本地电池生产链中。
确定的第一个考虑因素之一是，当前的盐水处理项目通常比魁北克的硬摇滚矿业项目大得多。就其净现值，矿山（或流程）寿命以及其运营所涉及的资本成本而言，这种情况就是这种情况。例如，该地区的五个矿山中有四个工作寿命超过30年，而基于盐水的运营往往运作14 - 15年。
The authors’ comparison revealed that the net present value of the lithium mining projects from pegmatites in Quebec was far lower than the investigated lithium mining projects from brines. The Quebec-based projects also offered a consistent internal rate of return of between 30% and 34%, while the investigated brine projects revealed a greater variability between 24% and 61%.
It was noted that while the Quebec-based mining projects involved lower capital costs, these also offered a more moderate net present value. They were not the most competitive option of those investigated in terms of overall production costs, but optimizations and improvements around process control, unit metal recovery, and energy usage could help lower these costs.
任何工业或采矿业务的进步方面的另一个关键考虑因素在于其温室气体排放。魁北克锂离子电池的生产预计将发射1.9吨等效的CO2在生产阶段，尽管该估计仅包含锂提取本身而不是周围过程的能量需求。
据估计，注定用于电动汽车的10至2100万锂离子电池的生产和组装将生产3.80至5.34公吨。2。
It should be noted that the entire fleet of personal internal combustion engine vehicles in Quebec emits around 17.1 metric tons of equivalent CO2per year. The option to replace these with locally-sourced electric vehicles is, therefore, an appealing prospect.
许多高度局部的因素有助于使这一过程更加环保，包括可负担水电的可用性以及使用已建立的公共基础设施（例如电力线，高速公路和供水）的选择。还有一名合格的当地劳动力，拥有可用的历史悠久的采矿专业知识。
尽管市场因素往往仍然是此处概述的锂采矿项目等项目的主要驱动力，但作者认为，该项目在环境基础上仍然具有很大的吸引力。他们希望探索该项目的竞争力和盈利能力，作为未来工作的一部分，以便为这种方法提出更强大的商业案例。
参考
Ibarra-Gutiérrez, Sebastián, Jocelyn Bouchard, Marcel Laflamme, and Konstantinos Fytas. 2021. "Perspectives of Lithium Mining in Quebec, Potential and Advantages of Integration into a Local Battery Production Chain for Electric Vehicles"欧洲杯足球竞彩材料程序5，不。1：33。https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4605/5/1/33
国际能源局（2021），全球电动汽车前景2021，IEA，巴黎https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2021
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