一支来自日本的研究人员团队概述了有关太阳能驱动氢生产的最新进展，挑战和未来观点，这是一种开发的关键技术，以摆脱对能源和燃料需求的化石燃料的依赖。该研究已发表在杂志上ACS能量信。
学习：太阳能驱动的氢生产：最近的进步，挑战和未来观点。图片来源：Panchenko Vladimir/Shutterstock.com
实现可持续氢生产
使用化石燃料来满足能量和燃料需求的破坏性影响有充分记录。二氧化碳排放是气候变化的主要驱动力，以及其他工业部门的石化工业污染正在造成巨大的环境破坏，这是在人类历史上看不见的规模。此外，这些资源是有限且不可再生的，这意味着在不久的将来的某个时候，随着资源的耗尽，可能会造成能源危机。
可再生能源已被广泛提出，以解决由于社会过度依赖化石燃料而导致的环境，经济和社会问题的解决方案。特别是太阳能由于太阳能的无限和无穷无尽的潜力以满足世界的力量和燃料需求而获得了重大的研究重点。
Amongst technologies under development, solar-powered hydrogen production has gained traction for meeting future demands as fossil fuels are phased out, filling the potential energy gap this will cause.
Number of publications searched by the words (Solar or Photo or Sunlight or Light) and (Hydrogen or H2) and (Production or Generation or Evolution) in their titles. Inset is the contribution ratios of published records from different countries/regions. The data were collected from Web of Science Core Collection on November 11, 2021. Image Credit: Song, H et al., ACS Energy Letters
氢是一种多功能的能源载体，但目前大量的商业利用氢仍然来自非可再生资源，例如天然气的生产，这些过程造成了全球总温室气体排放量的2％，即8.2亿吨co2annually. Hydrogen is particularly attractive due to its high gravimetric energy density, negligible greenhouse gas emissions, and its capability to be integrated into already existing industrial infrastructure and conventional power plants.
Hydrogen-powered applications include fuel cell vehicles, domestic fuel cells, hydrogen-powered steelmaking, and power generation turbines. Realizing these applications on a globalized industrial scale is a key research and development aim to move the world away from fossil fuels and toward a zero-carbon future, especially with integrated solar-power generation systems to manufacture green hydrogen and replace hydrocarbons with water as a feedstock.
Indeed, many nations have, in recent years, launched projects and initiated policies to increase the share of hydrogen in their energy mix. In 2017, Japan established the Basic Hydrogen Strategy and renewed its Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in 2019. In 2020, the European Commission have published their hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe.
尽管越来越多的政治意愿朝着氢能的未来发展，但全球生产的氢中有90％仍然来自蒸汽甲烷改革和煤气化等过程。此外，这意味着使用常规氢的方法减轻碳排放的潜力可忽略甚至是阴性，从而促进了快速并实质上增加绿色氢的产生的需求。
Various solar-driven H2production approaches: (a) photocatalytic (PC) water splitting, (b) photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, (c) photovoltaic–electrochemical (PV-EC) water splitting, (d) solar thermochemical (STC) water splitting, (e) photothermal catalytic (PTC) H2生产和（f）光生物学（PB）H2生产。图片来源：Song，H等人，ACS Energy Letters
The Study: Exploring Current and Future Perspectives on Solar-Powered Hydrogen Production
在期刊上写作ACS能量信, the team of Japanese researchers has investigated current technological developments, challenges in the field, and future perspectives on the production of green hydrogen using solar power. The research has provided a comprehensive literature review, with over one hundred studies analyzed.
在过去的五十年中，太阳能氢生成的领域已显示出显着的进展，自2005年以来，该主题的论文迅速增长。他们指出，近年来，在性能，耐用性和成本方面，太阳能氢能技术的应用和部署的加速已经取得了快速的进步。
有六种用于太阳能氢生产的技术途径：光伏电力化学水分裂，光电化学水分裂，从氢化碳化石燃料中生产的光热催化氢生产，太阳能热化学水裂解，光催化水分分解水分和光生物学水解生产。作者指出，缺乏对所有六种技术的技术经济分析的全面和比较研究。
因此，审查研究的目的是对太阳能驱动氢生产的技术进行全面审查。该论文包括概述这六个生产路线，并突出显示了当前的最新方法和系统。这六个途径根据其效率，环境影响，成本和耐用性进行了全面比较和评估。
（a）理论和实验效率，以及太阳H的不同方法的测试时间2生产。（b）h的平级成本2太阳H的不同方法2生产。注意：阴影丝带代表范围。(c) Global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) of different approaches of solar H2生产。图片来源：Song，H等人，ACS Energy Letters
Finally, based on their statistical analysis of current technologies and approaches for solar-driven hydrogen production, the authors have attempted to elucidate the challenges and future research perspectives for further development in the field of solar energy and fuel production.
The authors have identified that some of the factors which influence the roadmap and future development of solar hydrogen production include the cost of fossil fuels (especially methane) the capacity of different nations, political influences, market demand for hydrogen, the storage and transportation of hydrogen, and the development of competing resources such as wind and nuclear energy. However, the authors have stated that solar hydrogen production will likely be a key element of the future clean, affordable, and sustainable energy mix.
进一步阅读
Song，H等。（2022）太阳能驱动的氢生产：最近的进步，挑战和未来观点[在线的]ACS Energy Lett。7 pp. 1043-1065 | pubs.acs.org. Available at:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.1C02591
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of theTerms and conditionsof use of this website.