3D打印（也称为添加剂制造）已成为21的关键技术st百年在多个行业推动进步。预先出现在日记中生物打印has investigated the development of 3D-printed biodegradable polyester for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.
学习：可生物降解的基于挤出的生物打印的聚酯平台。图片来源：katunes pcnok/shutterstock.com
3D Bioprinting
3D Bioprinting是一种新兴的组织工程技术，可以生产具有模仿生物结构的复杂体系结构的产品。可以使用两种或多个生物聚合物材料同时分配生物活性和定义明确的脚手架框架的功能性3D产品。欧洲杯足球竞彩
有四种用于生物打印3D和4D功能生物磁性结构的主要制造技术：立体光刻，激光辅助，基于喷墨和基于挤出的添加剂制造方法。其中，由于其成本效益，与不同的细胞类型和生物材料的兼容性以及构成粘性水凝胶和热塑性聚合物的能力，因此对基于挤出的方法进行了广泛的探索。欧洲杯足球竞彩
在基于挤出的生物打印中，根据预设的数字设计并将生物墨水从喷嘴中不断挤出，并逐层沉积到底物材料上。机械或气动驱动的微排骨用于通过系统喷嘴实现粘性材料的持续分配。欧洲杯足球竞彩
Modern extrusion-based 3D printers use two or more print heads that can extrude multiple biomaterials and with the possibility of multi-material and/or coaxial bioprinting, artificial tissues can be printed with numerous advanced mechanical properties.
打印智能刺激响应材料欧洲杯足球竞彩
Recent studies in the field of bioprinting have demonstrated that it is possible to create a composite matrix with smart stimuli-responsive behavior, expanding the printed architecture beyond simple mechanical support. Aliphatic (co)polyesters have been widely explored for this purpose in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
生物墨水是包含活细胞，信号分子以及其他重要在生物学上重要的分子和欧洲杯足球竞彩结构的生物材料的制剂。这些是粘性解决方案，可以通过基于挤出的方法和其他3D打印技术轻松打印。生物油墨通常从其液体形式转换为稳定的水凝胶，以促进印刷过程中生物结构的固定。这可以使用热，照片或化学诱导的交联来实现。
Due to their properties, hydrogels are commonly used to fabricate 3D and 4D bioprinted structures. They create hydrophilic networks which strongly resemble organic soft tissue extracellular networks and some hydrogels are inherently bioactive. Conversely, synthetic thermoplastic polymers are primarily used as mechanical supports.
当前，许多可以使用添加剂制造以生物墨水为有机或合成起源的聚合物。在可用的生物相容性聚酯图书馆中，PLA，PGLA和PCL由于其具有吸引力的生物相容性，机械性能，简易的可打印性以及由于水解降解的易感性而形成了无毒产品，因此是先驱者。
More from AZoM: What Raw Materials Can Be 3D Printed?
When choosing the right biopolymers for bioprinting and tissue engineering, 欧洲杯足球竞彩materials must be biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and possess similar mechanical properties to the bioprinted structure’s application.这对于满足组织工程的要求和维持移植细胞的生存能力至关重要。此外，智能生物聚合物的能力，例如形状变形，变化的大小以及对刺激的功能反应，例如温度，pH值和离子强度促进4D处理。
研究
Currently in pre-proof, the study has explored research in the field of 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering. In the research, the authors have explored the most important synthetic biopolymers for the 3D extrusion-based printing of functional engineered tissue architectures.
One hundred and twenty-two studies have been included in a comprehensive review of current literature. Due to extensive coverage in the literature, the authors have not discussed in detail state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting applications for bone, cartilage, and nerve and liver tissues.
已经讨论了基于PCL的3D生物打印，研究中突出了几种应用，包括由于其足够的拉伸性特性，将基于PCL的管状结构用于神经移植生物工程。该合成生物聚合物最近被研究的另一个应用是使用3D PCL支架来支撑脱细胞化细胞外基质。
PCL has also been extensively explored for 4D processing due to abilities such as shape memory effects exhibited by chemically crosslinked PCL networks. Recent studies have also explored the functionalization of PCL with magnetic nanoparticles to achieve responses to magnetic fields.
该研究还研究了PLGA 3D-Bioprinting。当前研究突出显示的一个方面是使用PLGA来确保由于脚手架没有最佳的机械性能而确保生物学和生物力学功能，否则这些材料将适合于负载应用。作者已经讨论了PLA 3D和4D生物打印，以及低温3D打印，这是一种针对3D生物打印的新技术，可以制造具有梯度机械性能的多孔，分层和生物塑料结构。
基于他们对与合成（CO）Polyester的3D生物打印中当前文献和观点的重点回顾，作者得出的结论是，这项技术在生物医学科学中具有巨大的应用潜力。欧洲杯线上买球有传递生物活性分子的潜力原位用于组织工程和药物输送等应用。量身定制生物塑料结构的可能性对于医学科学领域来说是令人兴奋的。欧洲杯线上买球
尽管3D生物打印领域仍然是一个新生的领域，但作者预测，它将彻底改变生物医学科学领域，这与3D打印的方式彻底改变了工程和制造业。欧洲杯线上买球
Further Reading
Hermanová, S & Pumera, M (2022)可生物降解的基于挤出的生物打印的聚酯平台[预隔离]生物打印e00198 | sciencedirect.com. Available at:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405886622000082
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