讨论使用基于氧化铝的陶瓷模具用于空心涡轮刀片铸件

在最近发表在《杂志》上的文章中添加剂制造,研究人员讨论了激光粉床融合(L-PBF)的实用性,以创建一个基于氧化铝的陶瓷模具,该陶瓷模具具有集成芯和壳(CMC),用于空心涡轮叶片。

Study:基于氧化铝的陶瓷模具,具有不可分割的核心和壳,用于由激光粉末融合制造的空心涡轮叶片。图片来源:vasyl s/shutterstock.com

背景

燃气轮机发动机的主要部分是带有精美内部冷却隧道的超合金涡轮刀片。成品涡轮叶片的精度受到投资铸造中使用的陶瓷芯和壳模的质量的很大影响。基于氧化铝的陶瓷是创建霉菌时使用的最佳物质。

尽管每个阶段都需要冗长的生产周期和昂贵的成本,但传统的创造陶瓷模具的产量并不令人满意。使用增材制造(AM)技术逐层生产具有复杂结构的零件,可以消除创建陶瓷铸造模具中这些具有挑战性和耗时的过程。

由于陶瓷AM技术和相关后处理技术的发展,核心和外壳的准备变得越来越精致。但是,必须将分开的陶瓷芯和外壳放回原处,以在铸造之前创建一个完整的模具,并且很难管理组件的准确性。

在这方面,建议的选择是生产CMC。与其他AM技术相比,L-PBF是创建具有复杂内部结构的大型模具的绝佳选择,因为在制造过程中不需要额外的支撑结构。尽管L-PBF具有构造复杂模具的能力,但由于需要解决的各种问题,L-PBF有效地制造CMC的报道并不常见。

关于研究

In this study, the authors discussed the development of an integral core and shell L-PBF ceramic mold made of alumina. Following a thorough analysis of the effects of the component contents on fluidity and packing density, the optimal formulation for the composite powder was established as 88 wt.% basis points mixed spherical alumina with coarse: fine = 9:1, 0.1 wt.% fumed silica and 12 wt.% epoxy resin E12. After sintering, the mechanical characteristics of alumina ceramic were improved by using the vacuum infiltration procedure, where the solid loading of the ceramic slurry was examined.

该团队以两个组件(核心和外壳)和带有螺旋谷物选择器的底座构建了CMC,由于较大的孔径,因此可以更轻松地清洁剩余的粉末。初始浸润和预插入后,将两部分通过陶瓷粘合剂连接在一起,随后它们进行了第二次浸润和最终烧结,以产生完整的CMC。

Low sintering shrinkage of 1.51–2.03 %, appropriate apparent porosity of 30.82±0.01 %, and room-temperature strength of 9.72±1.34MPa for bonded specimen and 13.03±2.90 MPa for unbonded specimen, were all characteristics of the alumina-based ceramic made using L-PBF and post-treatment.

The researchers suggested a technique for the direct preparation of CMCS using L-PBF in conjunction with post-treatment infiltration-sintering. The composite powder underwent an optimization study to achieve greater packing and fluidity. The effectiveness of infiltration, as well as the mechanical properties of the alumina-based ceramic, were examined, and the impact of solid loading in the ceramic slurry used for infiltration was also investigated. Further, an alumina-based CMCS manufactured with L-PBF technology was used to create a gas turbine blade.

观察

基于L-PBF的氧化铝材料的明显孔隙率为30.82%,最小烧结收缩率为1.51至2.03%。未粘合标本的弯曲强度为13.03±2.90 MPa。具有扁平接头和垫接头的粘合标本的弯曲强度分别为8.15±2.67 MPa和9.72±1.34 MPa。

The ceramic binder's solid loading was 55% by volume, and the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration was 3%. The 20 vol.% ceramic slurries had a weight-increasing ratio of 22.24%, which was nearly four times that of the equivalent treated with pure silica sol. The green strengths of E12 at 12%, 9%, and 15% were, respectively, 1.712±0.090 MPa, 1.232±0.208 MPa, and 1.542±0.108 MPa. When fumed silica was added at a rate of 0.1%, the bulk density of the powder increased initially before falling. This value was then maximal at 2.143±0.004 g/cm3。The angle of repose dramatically dropped from 40.577° to 27.288° when 0.1% fumed silica was introduced.

L-PBF创建了一个基于氧化铝的CMC,该CMC具有可接受的特征和减少的烧结收缩,并且成功证实了其铸造超合金涡轮叶片的生存能力。最佳复合粉末包含88 wt。%混合球形氧化铝,0.1 wt。%烟雾二氧化硅和12 wt。%E12。这导致复合粉末具有更大的堆积密度和足够的流动性。渗透过程和霉菌材料的特性受到陶瓷浆的固体负荷的显着影响。

由于堵塞现象和低浸润效率,高固体载荷大于25卷的陶瓷浆液不合适。取而代之的是,发现具有20卷%的陶瓷浆料是浸润的理想选择。

结论

总之,这项研究阐明了具有可接受的明显孔隙率,最小的烧结收缩和13.03±2.90 MPa在室温下的基于氧化铝的材料的生产。用于连接CMC的两个组件的陶瓷粘合剂的适当强度为9.72±1.34 MPa,并且在界面上没有发现可见的断裂。

作者提到,这项研究提供了一种使用L-PBF技术生产超合金涡轮叶片的整体陶瓷模具的方法,该方法有望生产用于涡轮刀片的大型且复杂的陶瓷模具。他们还指出,这项研究中建议的技术能够生产出出色的基于氧化铝的CMCSS。

More from AZoM: Reflection Electron Microscopy for Crystal Analysis

Source

Chen,S.,Sun,D.,Wang,C。等。基于氧化铝的陶瓷模具,具有不可分割的核心和壳,用于由激光粉末融合制造的空心涡轮叶片。增材制造103046(2022)。https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214860422004389

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Surbhi Jain

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Surbhi Jain

Surbhi Jainis a freelance Technical writer based in Delhi, India. She holds a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Delhi and has participated in several scientific, cultural, and sports events. Her academic background is in Material Science research with a specialization in the development of optical devices and sensors. She has extensive experience in content writing, editing, experimental data analysis, and project management and has published 7 research papers in Scopus-indexed journals and filed 2 Indian patents based on her research work. She is passionate about reading, writing, research, and technology, and enjoys cooking, acting, gardening, and sports.

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