探索纺织品与野火作斗争的特性

在最近发表的《开放式杂志》上发表的论文中聚合物,研究人员研究了多杆编织织物的结构特性及其对消防服装的热保护和透气性的影响。生成的结果确定,水蒸气耐药性受织物的质量和厚度极大的影响,而纤维含量,厚度和孔隙率对热传输产生了影响。

学习:多层防护织物的热保护特性和透气性,用于野外消防。图片来源:Tyler Olson/Shutterstock.com

背景

Maximum thermal protection and minimal metabolic heat stress are the two most crucial parameters to be considered in the design of firefighting clothing suitable for outdoor fires. However, these two parameters are contradictory to each other, as high thermal protection fabrics have high stiffness and low breathability.

目前,由于较高的热稳定性,帕拉 - 阿拉米和元弧光纤维在制造热保护服的过程中具有最广泛的应用。帕拉芳烃纤维由于其高机械性能而通常用于弹道应用。目前,用于火灾保护的复合织物由多层组成,提供高热保护,但同时具有低热生理舒适性。由于质量,笨重和消防服装的僵硬,代谢热量会增加压力的消防条件。

Therefore, firefighting clothing used in wildland firefighting must protect the firefighter from thermal radiation and reduce burn-injury hazards while being comfortable, light, breathable and porous. It must also be particularly permeable to gaseous sweat.

样品的PEG计划和织物模拟(a)2 weft;(b)3杆和(c)4 weft。

样品的PEG计划和织物模拟(一种)2-weft; (b)3 weft和(C)4-WEFT。图片来源:Kalazić,A等人,聚合物

关于研究

在这项研究中,研究人员的目的是通过研究质量,织物厚度,纤维含量以及孔隙率对多杆编织织物的热传递和水蒸气耐药性的影响,从而增强消防织物的舒适性,而无需没收用户保护。

研究人员使用了八个织物样品,其中包括一个2杆,三个4杆和四个3杆编织织物。使用TEXGEN程序对织物样品进行了编织的孔隙率测试,其中模拟样品以定义多个参数,例如纬纱和翘曲厚度,密度,平均纤维密度和纤维厚度。

耐热测试是在TE-08辐射热暴露测试仪上进行的,而在稳态环境下,通过汗水延伸的热板测试对水蒸气抗性进行了测试。水蒸气电阻(RET)计算为在材料表面之间估计的水蒸气压力差除以所得的蒸发热通量分布在单位区域上。

Texgen中的编织单元模拟。

Texgen中的编织单元模拟。图片来源:Kalazić,A等人,聚合物

观察

据观察,纬纱系统的增加增加了织物孔隙率。由于特定的结构导致每一层浮选更大,因此4保持织物表现出最高的孔隙率。因此,可以随着纬纱系统数量的增加而开发具有有效热保护性能的透气机织织物。此外,随着Modacrylic/棉纱含量的增加,可以增加体积孔隙率。

纬线系统的数量增加也增加了对水蒸气通道的阻力。因此,随着纬线系统数量的减少,这种电阻也降低了。此外,随着Aramid纤维数量的增加,该团队指出,使用3磅织物的RET增加了,由于可能具有独特的样品结构,因此4 weft织物的对比结果可能会发生鲜明对比的结果。

另一方面,观察到热辐射阻力与纬线系统数成正比。与芳香纤维相比,较高的棉花长钉木材梳理/莫比赛的frsa/l(Mac)含量降低了织物的热电阻。已经确定,具有单个芳香层和MAC的织物对热保护有更好的影响。

Correlating the thickness and the mass of the samples with their water-vapor permeability resistance showed increased water-vapor resistance with an increase in the sample’s mass and thickness per unit of fabric area. Thus, with an increase in the weft systems and density, mass per unit area, porosity, and thickness, the resistance to water-vapor permeability increases along with a decrease in the heat transfer factor.

比较开发的样品与标准的要求。

比较开发的样品与标准的要求。图片来源:Kalazić,A等人,聚合物

结论

To summarize, this research determined the impact on thermal protection and breathability by the use of multi-weft woven fabric materials in firefighting clothing. The heat transmission factor is largely affected by the proportion of modacrylic/cotton and aramid flame retardant (FR) fiber blends in the fabric layers. Although effective protection against heat radiation can be achieved with higher modacrylic/cotton FR content, the inclusion of aramid fibers in the outer layer is still necessary for protection against flames. Additionally, Ret was higher with greater sample mass and thickness.

According to the authors, the development of a comfortable woven fabric with optimal thermal protection is possible through the optimization of weft systems and the raw material combinations to utilize maximum use of modacrylic/ cotton FR into the fabric and minimum compromises against flame contact protection.

资源

Kalazić,a。;布尔纳达(Brnada)Kiš,A。多层保护织物的热保护特性和透气性,用于野外消防。聚合物2022,,,,14,2967。https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/14/2967

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Chinmay Chari

Written by

Chinmay Chari

Chinmay Chariis a technical writer based in Goa, India. His academic background is in Earth Sciences and he holds a Master's degree in Applied Geology from Goa University. His academic research involved the petrological studies of Mesoarchean komatiites in the Banasandra Greenstone belt in Karnataka, India. He has also had exposure to geological fieldwork in Dharwad, Vadodara, in India, as well as the coastal and western ghat regions of Goa, India. As part of an internship, he has been trained in geological mapping and assessment of the Cudnem mine, mapping of a virgin area for mineral exploration, as well understanding the beneficiation and shipping processes of iron ore.

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