Research into utilizing waste products has benefited several industries in recent years, improving their sustainability. Writing in the journal能量来自亚美尼亚和波兰的一支科学家团队研究了使用废物咖啡和酒精产品生产生物燃料。
学习：Biogas and Biohydrogen Production Using Spent Coffee Grounds and Alcohol Production Waste。图片来源：koya979/shutterstock.com
可持续生物燃料：克服碳氢化合物的问题
Hydrocarbons have played a key role in driving societal and industrial progress over the course of recent history. Whilst they have provided the energy needed to grease the wheels of production, their exploitation has caused a huge environmental burden. Their use in heavy industry, energy generation, and transportation is helping to cause climate change on an unprecedented scale.
To mitigate the environmental damage caused by our over-reliance on fossil fuels, research has turned in recent decades to sustainable biofuels. Biogas and biohydrogen have been developed to help meet net zero carbon emission targets. Biohydrogen only emits water vapor after combustion and has a 3.5x higher energy content than oil.
沼气由甲烷和二氧化碳组成，比常规碳氢化合物（如煤）更干净，尽管它并非完全无污染。这种可持续的燃料由甲烷和二氧化碳组成，其中一些氮，氨，氢，水蒸气和硫化氢。
Phasing out conventional hydrocarbon-based fuels is a key aim of several governments and international bodies. Switching to sustainable biofuels offers environmental benefits such as reduced carbon emissions and exploitation of virgin resources. Additionally, it provides several economic benefits.
Producing Biofuels from Waste Materials
利用木质纤维素生物量进行生物燃料生产，为经济和环境修复策略的未来带来了巨大的潜力。这种废物生物量的生产量惊人，全球总生产估计为120 x 109每年。大约2.2 x 1021能源j包含在全球木质纤维素生物质中，可以舒适地满足全球能源需求。
The alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages industries are major contributors to worldwide waste. In distilleries, for example, 88% of raw materials become waste, making them a major polluter. Global spirits consumption is predicted to exceed thirty-eight billion liters by 2025. In the beer industry, 38.6 x 106tons of brewer’s spent grain is produced annually.
茶和咖啡等非酒精饮料会产生大量的废料。欧洲杯足球竞彩饮料行业的副产品包括咖啡渣，甘蔗渣，稻草，小麦稻草，酿酒厂的花谷物和高粱叶。许多研究已经报道了这些废料在生物燃料和工业化学合成中的使用。欧洲杯足球竞彩
Amongst the various proposed methods for biofuel production, anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation have shown noteworthy promise. However, currently, technical challenges exist with using these techniques for the conversion of waste biomass into valuable alternative fuels. Treatment technologies have been explored in recent years, including physical, chemical, thermal, and hydrothermal treatments.
The Study
新论文能量已经考虑使用厌氧消化来将酒精浪费和花费在生物氢和沼气中。作者探索了制备方法和预处理，以及气体分析以及试剂的使用。
使用三个实验计算并处理数据。研究中考虑了标准错误。仅使用原料和接种物的反应堆观察产生的气体量。
废水的污水污泥被用作批处理培养物中的微生物接种物。作者指出，必须考虑几个变量，例如季节性或每天发生的微生物群落的不同组成和浓度。在消化前使用烤箱干燥测定样品中的挥发性和总固体。
研究结果和结论
作者证明，饮酒和花费的咖啡谷物是有希望的高有机含量底物。利用这些废物可以提高未来生物燃料生产的效率和成本效益。未经处理的废物产生了增强的甲烷和沼气产生，而预处理的废物产生了更高量的生物氢。
The highest biogas yields were observed using spent coffee grounds inoculated at pH 7.5. Good yields were also observed for untreated alcohol waste. Different methane yields were obtained depending on inoculum and treatment method. Due to the enhanced methane yields observed using these substrates, the authors have stated that they are promising for commercial biogas production.
For biohydrogen production, results indicated that spent coffee grains are more suitable, with data suggesting that the fermentation of alcohol waste, either treated or untreated, is not efficient for the production of this biofuel.
从用过的咖啡地获得的生物氢产量比使用棉花废物相对较高，但不如其他类型的木质纤维素废物。结果表明，木质素去除和可溶性糖之间存在相关性。
The authors concluded that acid hydrolysis treatment is beneficial for biohydrogen synthesis, whereas it is not important for biogas synthesis. Overall, the study has demonstrated the benefits of using spent coffee grounds and alcohol waste for the production of different biofuels and the effects of treatment technologies. The paper is valuable for future research in the field of sustainable biofuel production.
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Further Reading
Vanyan，L，Cenian，A＆Trchounian，K（2022）沼气和生物氢生产，使用花费的咖啡景和酒精生产浪费能量15（16）5935 [在线] mdpi.com。可用网址：
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5935
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