In a paper recently published in the journal欧洲杯足球竞彩, researchers analyzed the pozzolanic reaction and cementing properties of volcanic ash sourced from the Cumbre Vieja volcano and evaluated the replacement of cement as well as its impact on mortar production.
学习：加工的火山灰作为水泥生产的活性矿物质的影响。Image Credit: es3n/Shutterstock.com
Background
2021年9月19日，Cumbre Vieja火山爆发，促使7000名居民搬迁，摧毁了超过4亿欧元的基础设施，影响了92.7公里的道路和1.212公顷的固体灰分。所有火山固化的灰烬和熔岩，结合了循环经济并提高了环境意识，标志着研究灰分和熔岩在建筑材料中的应用的重要性，尤其是因为建筑行业使用40％的提取的建筑行业有助于环境降级欧洲杯足球竞彩原料。欧洲杯足球竞彩
Considering cement and its production process contribute substantially to climate change, accounting for 8% of total worldwide CO2emissions, this study aimed to investigate utilizing the ash from the Cumbre Vieja volcano to replace cement in the manufacture of Portland cement, including its implications on mortar production.
Experimental scheme. © Rosales, J.; Rosales, M.; Díaz-López, J.L.; Agrela, F.; Cabrera, M. (2022)
关于the Study
在这项研究中，小组研究了用于水泥制造中活跃矿物质的火山材料特性。对于所研究的每个灰分样品，欧洲杯足球竞彩获得了两种粉末状材料，以及来自火山熔岩的粉状材料。这些是从La Palma岛上的两个地点提取的，一个靠近喷发（细灰），另一个是从海岸线（火山熔岩和粗灰）中提取的。
The obtained materials underwent an advanced characterization analysis, emphasizing chemical composition, material fineness, pozzolanic activity, and crystallography. Furthermore, as a reference, two artificial pozzolanic components, which are frequently utilized in the cement industry, namely fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), were evaluated, together with limestone filler. With an average maintained size of about 20 microns, FA was the finest material examined.
为了检查采用火山材料的效果，对矿物质添加的石灰石填充物进行了分析。评估了与SF和FA相比，它们的火山灰潜力，以确定其在胶合材料中使用的适用性。欧洲杯足球竞彩所研究的火山材料包括两种火欧洲杯足球竞彩山岩和一种火山熔岩材料。此外，X射线衍射（XRD）用于研究细火山灰（FVA），粗火山灰（CVA）和火山熔岩（VL）。
扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于评估火山材料的形态，并使用能量破坏性光谱（EDX）进行组成分析。使用固定的石灰技术，进行了初步研究以评估原材料的火山灰。欧洲杯足球竞彩
An accelerated approach was employed to quantify the progress of the material-lime reaction as a function of time. The material pozzolanicity was determined by immersing it in a saturated calcium oxide solution and measuring the absorption of calcium oxide by the sample. The cement paste was tested for volumetric expansion in accordance with EN 196-3.
Observations
当分析混合物中的钙离子浓度小于参考曲线所建议的饱和浓度时，混合物被认为是火山灰。发现所有测试的灰分混合物都在曲线上方。
火山灰的压碎改善了材料的火山灰。在短时间内；该材料不被认为是孢子虫。但是，这些值接近溶解度曲线。火山材料的压碎增强了混合物的火山灰特性，以用作补充欧洲杯足球竞彩胶结材料。
此外，与未加工的火山灰相比，加工的火山灰具有更具耐药性。比与LF的组合实现了实质性上升，这表明它们可以用于水泥的生产以及混凝土中的矿物质。
Compared to the FA or the control mixture, the two samples prepared from processed volcanic ash had a more notable rise in resistance. This demonstrated that, compared to mixtures prepared with conventional cement, volcanic ash steadily increases its resistance with time. Including volcanic material lowers the cementitious pastes' volumetric expansion, and the setting time results for all volcanic materials were comparable.
结果，准备好的迫击炮在早期固化年龄显示出较低的尺寸分化，因为在砂浆内没有遮挡的水或大孔可以改变固化期间的尺寸。
Conclusions
To conclude, the researchers determined that the mortars' compressive strengths produced with CVA and FVA rose significantly over time, outperforming the findings obtained with LF mixes. It is shown that crushed and unprocessed volcanic ash could be utilized as a natural pozzolan in cement production, surpassing mortars manufactured with limestone fillers. According to the authors, this study established the feasibility of the application of volcanic materials in cement production, indicating a promising, long-term supplemental cementitious material for use in cement manufacturing.
参考
Rosales，J。；罗萨莱斯（M。）Díaz-López，J.L。;Agrela，f。;Cabrera，M。加工的火山灰作为水泥生产的活性矿物质的效果。欧洲杯足球竞彩2022，15，6305。Doi：https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/18/6305
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